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Which Ecumenical COuncil of 1870 was interrupted when Italian troops took over Rome as the remains of the Papal States Fell from the temporal control of the pope?
The First Vatican Council in Rome.
What happened that caused Pope Pius IX to refer to himself as “prisoner of the Vatican?”
Pope Pius IX dismissed the Council Fathers and retreated—shutting himself within the Vatican walls.
Why did German statesman Bismack begin a program of persecution of Catholics of Catholics known as the Kulturkampf?
The recent proclamation of the Vatican Council on papal infallibility would have Catholics disregard the German government.
Kulturkampf
“conflict of cultures.”
Papal Infallibility
the divine guarantee that the pope’s official statements of doctrine regarding faith and morals are free from error.
When/Where was papal infallibility proclaimed as a dogma—teaching?
The First Vatican Council in Rome.
Who wrote the Rerum Novarum?
Pope Leo XIII
What was the Rerum Novarum, and what issues did it address?
It was the first great Catholic social justice encyclical, and it concerned the rights of workers.
What contributions did Pope Pius X make to the Church’s teachings concerning the Eucharist?
Pope Pius X declared children receive Holy Communion early, so he encouraged Catholics to receive it frequently.
What other reforms in the Church’s liturgy of the Mass did Pope Pius X call for?
Pope Pius X called for the revival of the Gregorian Chants, along with encouraging seasoned priests to well-instruct younger priests, and for them to preach simpler homilies.
What was happening with religious orders during the mid- and late- nineteenth century?
Religious orders were being established in the changing world.
What is the Society of St. Francis de Sales also known as?
Salesians.
Which religious order was founded by Katherine Drexel in 1891, and where was it founded?
The Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament in the United States of America.
Why did many European Catholics immigrate to the United States in the early 1800’s?
European Catholics looked to the United States as a land of hope and opportunity away from anti-Catholic prejudice and persecution.
Who were the “Know-Nothings?”
American anti-Catholic organization.
In 1850, which was the largest single religious group in the United States?
Catholics.
By 1850, how many Catholics were in the United States?
2 Million.
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