Matter Unit Test

Covalent Bond

Bond where valence electrons are shared between atoms

Polar Covalent Bond

Bond where one atom has a slightly stronger pull on the electrons than the other (occurs between atoms of different elements)

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

Bond where both atoms equally share the electrons (occurs between atoms of the same element)

Ionic Bond

Bond where one atom loses electrons and the other gains electrons

Cation

Atom that loses the electrons, has a positive charge

Anion

Atom that gains the electrons, has a negative charge

Law of Conservation of Mass

In a chemical reaction, mass is neither created nor destroyed but transformed into new products

To become more stable

Why do atoms bond?

Two nonmetals

Covalent bonds form between ____________.

share

Atoms in a covalent bond _____________ electrons.

Metals

What type of elements are typically cations?

Nonmetals

What type of elements are typically anions?

Metals and nonmetals

Ionic bonds are formed between what types of elements?

Oppositely charged

Ionic bonds are formed between ______________ ions

Transferred

In ionic bonds electrons are _______________ between atoms.

Color change, formation of a gas, temperature change, production of odor, formation of precipitate (solid), production of light

How do you know a chemical reaction has occurred? (Name them without looking)

Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion

What are the 5 types of reactions? (Name them without looking)

Color, luster, texture, odor hardness, conductivity, malleability, ductility, magnetism, solubility, melting/boiling point, and density

What are the physical properties? (Name them without looking)

Chopping up an apple, ice melting into water, etc.

What are examples of physical changes?

Flammability, reactivity, toxicity, acidity, corrosive, oxidation, etc.

What are the chemical properties? (Name them without looking)

Iron rusting, wood burning, etc.

What are examples of chemical changes? 

__Temperature, pressure, dissolved solids in liquids, (concentration), mass, volume__

What affects density?

g/cm3 or g/cc

What are the units for the density of a solid?

g/mL

What are the units for the density of a liquid?

BEC, solid, liquid, gas, plasma

What are the five phases of matter? (Name them without looking)

BEC

Least amount of energy, almost absolute zero in heat, molecules are so close that they are indistinguishable from each other

Solid

Low amount of energy, molecules close together so they vibrate instead of freely moving

Liquid

Moderate amount of energy and heat, molecules can slide past each other

Gas

Has lots of energy, molecules move freely around and will spread to the volume of the container

Plasma

Has the most energy, electrically charged particles that move very quickly

Freezing

Liquid to sold (heat removed)

Melting

Solid to liquid (heat added)

Evaporation

Liquid to gas (heat added)

Condensation

Gas to liquid (heat removed)

Deposition

Gas to solid (heat removed quickly)

Sublimation

Solid to gas (heat added quickly)

Heterogeneous Mixture

Mixtures where the parts are NOT the same throughout and can be identified as separate substances

Suspension

A mixture where the particles are large and very slow to settle

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that appears the same throughout (well mixed solutions)

Colloid

A mixture where the particles do not settle at all

Unsaturated

A solution that is below the saturation point and more solute can be dissolved

Saturated

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute

Super Saturated

A solution that is beyond the saturation point and the solute gathers at the bottom of the solution

Chemically

How are compounds separated?

Physically

How are mixtures separated?

Click this one! This is about the differences between a mixture and a compound!

Hey! Make sure you know the difference between a mixture and a compound!

Pizza, soda with ice, and tossed salad

What are examples of heterogeneous mixtures?

Italian dressing and water and oil

What are examples of suspensions?

Coffee, blood, wine, air, brass, steel, and vinegar

What are examples of homogeneous mixtures?

Solute and solvent

What are the two parts to a solution?

It's easy for things to dissolve in water

Why is water called the universal solvent?

It's this one! The one about how matter transforms between phases!

Another reminder! Make sure you know how matter transforms between phases!