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Covalent Bond
Bond where valence electrons are shared between atoms
Polar Covalent Bond
Bond where one atom has a slightly stronger pull on the electrons than the other (occurs between atoms of different elements)
Non-Polar Covalent Bond
Bond where both atoms equally share the electrons (occurs between atoms of the same element)
Ionic Bond
Bond where one atom loses electrons and the other gains electrons
Cation
Atom that loses the electrons, has a positive charge
Anion
Atom that gains the electrons, has a negative charge
Law of Conservation of Mass
In a chemical reaction, mass is neither created nor destroyed but transformed into new products
To become more stable
Why do atoms bond?
Two nonmetals
Covalent bonds form between ____________.
share
Atoms in a covalent bond _____________ electrons.
Metals
What type of elements are typically cations?
Nonmetals
What type of elements are typically anions?
Metals and nonmetals
Ionic bonds are formed between what types of elements?
Oppositely charged
Ionic bonds are formed between ______________ ions
Transferred
In ionic bonds electrons are _______________ between atoms.
Color change, formation of a gas, temperature change, production of odor, formation of precipitate (solid), production of light
How do you know a chemical reaction has occurred? (Name them without looking)
Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion
What are the 5 types of reactions? (Name them without looking)
Color, luster, texture, odor hardness, conductivity, malleability, ductility, magnetism, solubility, melting/boiling point, and density
What are the physical properties? (Name them without looking)
Chopping up an apple, ice melting into water, etc.
What are examples of physical changes?
Flammability, reactivity, toxicity, acidity, corrosive, oxidation, etc.
What are the chemical properties? (Name them without looking)
Iron rusting, wood burning, etc.
What are examples of chemical changes?
Temperature, pressure, dissolved solids in liquids, (concentration), mass, volume
What affects density?
g/cm3 or g/cc
What are the units for the density of a solid?
g/mL
What are the units for the density of a liquid?
BEC, solid, liquid, gas, plasma
What are the five phases of matter? (Name them without looking)
BEC
Least amount of energy, almost absolute zero in heat, molecules are so close that they are indistinguishable from each other
Solid
Low amount of energy, molecules close together so they vibrate instead of freely moving
Liquid
Moderate amount of energy and heat, molecules can slide past each other
Gas
Has lots of energy, molecules move freely around and will spread to the volume of the container
Plasma
Has the most energy, electrically charged particles that move very quickly
Freezing
Liquid to sold (heat removed)
Melting
Solid to liquid (heat added)
Evaporation
Liquid to gas (heat added)
Condensation
Gas to liquid (heat removed)
Deposition
Gas to solid (heat removed quickly)
Sublimation
Solid to gas (heat added quickly)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Mixtures where the parts are NOT the same throughout and can be identified as separate substances
Suspension
A mixture where the particles are large and very slow to settle
Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture that appears the same throughout (well mixed solutions)
Colloid
A mixture where the particles do not settle at all
Unsaturated
A solution that is below the saturation point and more solute can be dissolved
Saturated
A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute
Super Saturated
A solution that is beyond the saturation point and the solute gathers at the bottom of the solution
Chemically
How are compounds separated?
Physically
How are mixtures separated?
Click this one! This is about the differences between a mixture and a compound!
Hey! Make sure you know the difference between a mixture and a compound!
Pizza, soda with ice, and tossed salad
What are examples of heterogeneous mixtures?
Italian dressing and water and oil
What are examples of suspensions?
Coffee, blood, wine, air, brass, steel, and vinegar
What are examples of homogeneous mixtures?
Solute and solvent
What are the two parts to a solution?
It's easy for things to dissolve in water
Why is water called the universal solvent?
It's this one! The one about how matter transforms between phases!
Another reminder! Make sure you know how matter transforms between phases!
Note 
Flashcard (90)