Anatomical Landmarks, Regions, and Directions Ch. 1 Human Anatomy (Pearson)

anatomical landmarks

references to palpable (those that can be felt or touched) structures

thoracic cavity

pleural cavity (lungs) and pericardial cavity (heat)

abdominal cavity

Peritoneum cavity

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic Cavity

body cavities

spaces within the body that contain vital organs

abdominal regions

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

abdominopelvic regions

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac

Right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar

Right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

cephalon (cephalic)

head

cranium (cranial)

skull

facies (facial)

face

Frons (frontal)

forehead

nasus (nasal)

nose

oculus (orbital or ocular)

eyes

oris (oral)

mouth

auris (otic)

ear

bucca (buccal)

cheek

mentis (mental)

chin

cervicis (cervical)

neck

thoracis (thoracic)

thorax or chest

mamma (mammary)

breast

abdomen (abdominal)

abdomen

umbilicus (umbilical)

navel

pelvis (pelvic)

pelvis

manus (manual)

hand

inguen (inguinal)

groin

pubis (pubic)

pubis

femur (femoral)

thigh

pes (pedal)

foot

hallux

great toe

digits/phalanges (digital or phalangeal)

toes or fingers

tarsus (tarsal)

ankle

crus (crural)

leg

patella (patellar)

kneecap

pollux

thumb

palma (palmar)

palm

carpus (carpal)

wrist

antebrachium (antebrachial)

forearm

antecubitis (antecubital)

front of elbow

brachium (brachial)

arm

axilla (axillary)

armpit

acromial

shoulder

dorsum (dorsal)

back

olecranon (olecranal)

back of the elbow

lumbus (lumbar)

loin

gluteus (gluteal)

buttock

popliteus (popliteal)

back of knee

sura (sural)

calf

calcaneus (calcaneal)

heel of foot

planta (plantar)

sole of foot

lower limb

below the hip (leg)

upper limb

above the hip (arm)

urinary system

kidney, bladder, uterer, urethra

digestive system

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large and small intestine, stomach, esophagus

respiratory system

trachea, left and right bronchi, lung, diaphragm

lymphatic system

lymph nods, thymus, spleen, tonsils

endocrine system

thymus, pancreas, thyroid, adrenal gland, pineal gland, pituitary gland, ovary, testis

cardiovascular system

l & r atrium, l & r ventricles, artery, veins

nervous system

brain, nerves, spinal cord

reproductive system

- vas deferens, testis, prostate, penis

- ovary, uterus, vagina, fallopian tube

skeletal system

apendicular and axical

Appendicular skeleton

- provides internal support and positioning limbs

- limbs, supporting bones and ligaments

Axial skeleton

- protects brain, spinal cord, sense organs, soft tissue, and thoracic cavity

- skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs

Proximal

Distal

Toward an attach base

Away from ab attach base

Lateral

Medial

away from midline

towards midline

Superior

Inferior

Above

Below

(These terms refer to placement of a structure along the long axis of the body)

Anterior

toward the front

Lateral

side

Superficial

Deep

At, near, of relatively close to the body surface

Toward the interior of the body farther from the surface

cranial or cephalic

caudual

toward the head

toward the tail (coccyx in humans)

posterior or dorsal

anterior or ventral

Posterior; The back behind

Anterior; the front, before

Sectional Planes

frontal, sagittal, transverse

frontal plane

(coronal plane)

separates body into anterior and posterior portions of the body

directional term: Frontally (coronally)

sagittal plane

Divides body into left and right portions

Mid-: equal right & Left halves

Para-: unequal division

midsagittal plane

the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

directional term: transversely or horizontal