Chapter 8

Tarsal Glands

sebaceous glands along the rims of the eyes inside the tarsal plate

Conjunctiva

the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids (ends at the cornea)

Lacrimal Glands

gland that secretes tears to clean the eye

Lysozyme

enzymes that catalyzes the destruction of the cell walls of certain bacteria, found in tears

Sclera

the white outer layer of the eye, supports the eye and contains the cornea

Cornea

the transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil that allows light to enter the eye

Choroid

the pigmented, vascular layer of the eye between the retina and the sclera

Ciliary Body

part of the eye that connects the iris to the choroid

Ciliary Zonule

ring of fibrous structures that connect the ciliary body to the iris

Iris

flat, colored, ring-shaped membrane behind the cornea with an adjustable pupil (eye color)

Pupil

the round opening in the center of the iris, allows light to pass through

Retina

inner layer of the eye containing cells that are sensitive to light and trigger nerve impulses

Photoreceptors

a sensory cell that responds to light falling on it

Rods

type of photoreceptor that is sensitive in low light levels and provide vague description of things

Cones

type of photoreceptor that is sensitive in higher levels of light and give detailed description of things

Optic Disc

the raised disk on the retina at the point of entry of the optic nerve, lacking visual receptors creating a blind spot

Fovea Centralis

small depression in the retina entirely composed of cones

Cataracts

medical condition in which the lens of the eye becomes blurred

Scleral Venous Sinus

circular chanel in the eye that collects aqueous humor from the anterior chamber and delivers it to the bloodstream

Glaucoma

condition of increased pressure within the eye

Refracted Light

the bending of light rays as they pass through the eye

Accomodation

Convergence

Photopupillary Reflex

Accommodation Reflex

Emmetropia

Myopia

Hyperopia

Presbyopia

Astigmatism

Mechanoreceptors

Otitis Media

swelling of otoliths

Ossicles

three bones of middle ear

Osseous Labyrinth

bony, outer wall of the inner ear

Tectorial Membrane

ribbon-like strip of extracellular matrix that spiral along the entire length of the cochlea

Perilymph

inner fluid of the cochlea

Membranous Labyrinth

group of ducts and chambers within the cochlea

Endolymph

outer fluid of the cochlea

Static Equilibrium

maintaining proper head position while standing still

Dynamic Equilibrium

maintaining proper head position while moving

Otoliths

“ear stones” in the jello of the ear

Basilar Membrane

Chemoreceptors

Olfactory Receptors

Olfactory Hairs

Papillae

Basal Cells