AP CSP BJC Unit 4 Vocab

Internet

computer network that uses open protocols to standardize communication and involves interconnected but separate computing devices

computer network

interconnected computing system capable of sending and receiving data

computing system

group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

computing device

physical object that can run a program

World Wide Web (www)

system of linked pages, programs, files that can use the Internet

fault tolerance

capability to work around problems (e.g. part of network breaks down)

protocol

type of abstraction; set of rules that specify the behavior of a system; communication standards

redundant network

multiple pathways to create redundancy, allowing for fault-tolerance

open protocol

available for use by anyone so that anyone can connect to the network

router

connection between networks that transfers information

internet service provider (ISP)

company that sells internet to homes and institutions

bandwidth

maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time (e.g. bits per second)

cloud

place in Internet to store data; location managed by cloud service provider

routing

process of finding path from sender to receiver

scalability

ability of Internet to keep working as it grows

redundancy

inclusion of backup elements in case one part fails

Internet Protocol (IP) address

unique number assigned to each device on a computer network

Internet Protocol

direct connections to computers; specifies how a router handles a request for a different IP address

packet

small chunk of data (text, numbers, lists, etc.) and metadata (information about the data) passed through the Internet as a data stream

packet switching

Internet sends short bursts of information, not long continuous strings

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

reliable connections to computers; sends packets until they are acknowledged as received

Application Layer Protocols

highest level of abstraction; manage how data is interpreted and displayed; give meaning to bits; e.g. HTTP

Transport Layer Protocols

manage breakdown of message into packets and reconstruction of packets upon arrival; e.g. TCP

Internet Layer Protocols

manage pathways that packets travel; abstraction of Internet as one large network instead of multiple subnetworks; e.g. IP

Network Interface Hardware

manage connection between Internet device and local network; e.g. using WiFi

open standard

anyone can look up a protocol and use it to make new hardware/software without permission

domain name

human-readable way of locating an Internet site

IP address

machine-readable way of locating an Internet site

hierarchy

arrangement with biggest category at the top and subcategories below

domain name system (DNS)

Internet protocol for translating domain names to IP addresses