Chapter 14 Cardiovascular System

Flashcards based on key concepts and details from the cardiovascular system lecture notes.

What is the function of the heart?

The heart pumps over 1 million gallons of blood per year.

Where is the heart located?

The heart is located in the mediastinum, slightly left of midline.

What is the function of the pericardium?

The pericardium is a sac that surrounds the heart and helps protect it.

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?

The two layers are the parietal pericardium and viscerocardiac (epicardium) pericardium.

What separates the left and right atria?

The interatrial septum separates the left and right atria.

What is the main muscle layer of the heart?

The myocardium is the thick muscle layer of the heart.

What is another name for the heart strings that anchor valves?

Chordae tendineae are the heart strings that anchor the valves.

What type of blood do the pulmonary veins carry?

The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

What are the names of the semilunar valves?

The pulmonary semilunar valve and the aortic semilunar valve.

What is the cardiac impulse conduction pathway starting from the pacemaker?

SA node → AV node → AV bundle → R & L bundle branches → Purkinje fibers.

What does an EKG record?

An EKG records the action potentials of all active cells in the heart.

What are the names of the heart sounds?

The two main heart sounds are 'Lubb' (S1) and 'Dupp' (S2).

What condition is characterized by narrowed coronary arteries?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by narrowed coronary arteries.

What is a common congenital heart defect?

A common congenital heart defect is an interatrial septal defect where the foramen ovale fails to close.