Unit 1: Cranial Nerves and Brain Vasculature Objectives

Cranial nerve pneumonic

On, On, On, They Traveled And Found Voldemort Guarding Very Ancient Horcruxes

CN I

Type

Function

Test

Olfactory

Sensory

Smell

Ask patient to smell something

CN II

Type

Function

Test

Optice

Sensory

Vision

Ask patient to visually identify something

CN III

Type

Function

Test

Occulomotor

Motor

Controls four eye muscles

Ask the patient to look up

CN IV

Type

Function

Test

Trochlear

Motor

Controls one eye muscle (SO4)

Ask patient to move their eye down and out

CN V

Type

Function

Test

Trigeminal

Both

Sensory to the anterior face & controls chewing muscles

Ask patient if they can feel a light graze on their face, ask patient to chew something

CN VI

Type

Function

Test

Abducens

Motor

Eye movement of lateral rectus muscle (LR6)

Ask patient to move their eyes side to side

CN VII

Type

Function

Test

Facial

Both

Sensory on the anterior two thirds of the tongue & motor to sublingual and submandibular taste buds, tear ducts, and face

Ask patient to taste something on the tip of their tongue

CN VIII

Type

Function

Test

Vestibulocochlear

Sensory

Balance, equilibrium, hearing

Ask patient to stand on one foot or perform a hearing test

CN IX

Type

Function

Test

Glossopharyngeal

both

Sensory to posterior one third of tongue & motor to pharyngeal muscles involved in swallowing and parotid salivary glands

Ask patient to taste something on the back of their tongue

CN X

Type

Function

Test

Vagus

Both

Sensory to sensory nuclei and autonomic centers of medulla oblongata & somatic motor to muscles of the palate and pharynx, visceral motor to respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Ask patient to talk, palpate stomach for pain

CN XI

Type

Function

Test

Accessory

Motor

Controls sternocleidomastoid (turns head to opposite side) and trapezius muscles

Ask patient to turn head side to side

CN XII

Type

Function

Test

Hypoglossal

Motor

Tongue movements

Ask patient to move their tongue

Common changes in the CNS associated with aging

A reduction in brain size and weight

A reduction in the number of neurons

A decease in blood flow to the brain

Changes in synaptic organization of the brain- plaques

Intracellular and extracellular changes in CNS neurons

What is an anastomosis and why are they important

a connection between two passageways, such as blood vessels; important because they help create a network of blood flow, so if one vessel is blocked the blood can take another path to get to the same destination

O&D of right and left vertebral arteries

Origin: branch off the basilar artery

Destination: delivers blood to spine and brain

O&D of right and left anterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Origin: branch off the basilar artery

Destination: delivers blood to the anterior inferior cerebellum

O&D of right and left superior cerebellar arteries

Origin:

Destination: delivers blood to the superior cerebellum

O&D of right and left posterior cerebral arteries

Origin:

Destination: delivers blood to the posterior cerebrum

O&D of right and left middle cerebral arteries

Origin: continuation of the internal carotid artery

Destination: deliver blood to the middle of the cerebrum

O&D of right and left internal carotid arteries

Origin: branch off at the carotid sinus of the carotid artery Destination:

O&D of right and left anterior cerebral arteries

Origin: branch off of the middle cerebral artery (?)

Destination: deliver blood to the anterior cerebrum

O&D of right and left posterior communicating arteries

Origin: branch off of the internal carotid artery (?)

Destination: deliver blood to the posterior cerebral arteries

O&D of pontine arteries

Origin: branch off of the basilar artery

Destination: deliver blood to the pons

O&D of basilar artery

Origin:

Destination: branches off into the vertebral arteries