lower airways lab: respiration and thoracic wall NOT FINISHED*

what is articulated at the proximal end of the ribs?

vertebrae

what is present at the distal end of the ribs?

a slender piece of hyaline cartilage, the costa cartilage

what is the function of the costa cartilage in the ribs?

connects the ribs either to the sternum or the previous ribs

describe the connections of the ribs

Usually, the first 9 ribs are connected to the sternum, and the rest to the earlier rib

what can be pointed at “the point of the elbow”?

olecranon tuberosity

olecranon tuberosity

proximal most point of the bone ulna

what can be palpated at the “point of shoulder”?

the greater tubercle of the humerus bone

what can be palpated at the “tuber coxae”?

coxal tuberosity

coxal tuberosity

lateral most part of the pelvic bone

costochondral junctions

A slight bulge along the length of the rib, where it joins the costal cartilage

Costo-diaphragmatic Line of Pleural Reflection (CDLPR)

line along which the diaphragm is attached to the body wall

what happens on the thoracic side of the diaphragm?

the diaphragmatic pleura continues on the thoracic wall and becomes the costal pleura

what is the best guide to differentiate the thoracic and abdominal regions of the body?

The Costo-diaphragmatic Line of Pleural Reflection

costo-diaphragmatic recess

area between the basal boarder of the lung and CDLPR

what is important to understand about the costo-diaphragmatic recess?

lungs will not be able to occupy this space, even when fully inflated

lung field

The area of the thoracic wall where auscultation and percussion of the lungs can be performed to hear the lung sound

what are the borders of the lung field?

• dorsally = lateral border of the epaxial muscles

• cranially = caudal margin of the triceps brachii muscle

• caudoventrally = basal border of the lung.

pneumonia

an inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma that results in respiratory disturbance

what are the causes of pneumonia?

• viruses

• bacteria

• fungi

• parasites

• protozoa

• aspiration of vomitus

• improperly administered medications

what are the clinical signs on pneumonia?

• coughing

• fever

• lethargy

• anorexia

• respiratory distress

what is the treatment for pneumonia?

supportive care, including oxygen, and antimicrobial therapy

What landmarks are used for the approximate estimation of the basal border of the lung in the dog? 

1. 6th Costo-chondral junction

2. Middle of the 8th rib

3. Top of the 11th intercostal space