Week 2 - PTCE Prep

Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal System and Drugs

amoxicillin

Amoxil

Antibiotic - penicillin

pantoprazole

Protonix

Antiulcer agent - proton pump inhibitor

escitalopram

Lexapro

Antidepressant - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

alprazolam

Xanax

Antianxiety - benzodiazepine

prednisone

Deltasone

Oral corticosteroid

pravastatin

Pravachol

Antihyperlipidemic - HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

acetaminophen

Tylenol

Analgesic

citalopram

Celexa

Antidepressant - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

dextroamphetamine/amphetamine

Adderall

Stimulant

ibuprofen

Motrin

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

carvedilol

Coreg

Antihypertensive - beta blocker

trazodone

Desyrel

Antidepressant

fluoxetine

Prozac

Antidepressant - selective serotonin reupdate inhibitor (SSRI)

tramadol

Ultram

Narcotic analgesic

insulin glargine

Lantus

Insulin

clonazepam

Klonopin

Antianxiety - benzodiazepine

tamsulosin

Flomax

Alpha blocker

Agina

Lack of oxygen that causes chest pain

Arrythmia

Abnormal rhythm of the heart

Atrial fibrillation (AFib)

Irregular, rapid heartbeat

Atherosclerosis

Buildup of plaque and cholesterol that causes hardening of the arteries

Blood clots

Moving clots (embolus) or stationary clots (thrombosis) in a blood vessel

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Accumulation of fluid in the body, resulting from the inability of the heart to pump sufficiently

Hypertension

High blood pressure

Hyperlipidemia

High cholesterol

Myocardial infraction (MI)

Lack of oxygen and blood leading to a heart attack

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Moving clot that travels to the lungs

Venous thromboembolism (VTE)

Blood clot in the deep veins, usually legs, that may travel to the lungs and cause a PE.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor

-pril
Inhibit ACE, which prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II; this results in vasodilation (expansion of blood vessels to allow blood to flow more easily)

Alpha agonists

Stimulate alpha receptors in the brain, which results in lowered blood pressure and heart rate

Alpha blockers

-azosin

Block alpha receptors in the sympathetic nervous system, which prevents norepinephrine from causing vessel contraction and keeps vessels opened and relaxed

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs)

-sartan

Block angiotensin II receptors, which prevents vasoconstriction

Antiarrhythmic agents

Modify electrical conduction and force of contraction in heart muscle

Anticoagulants-Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOAC)

-xaban

Inhibit factor Xa in the clotting cascade

Platelet inhibitors

-grel

Bind to and modify platelet receptors, which inhibits palelet aggregation

Constipation

Difficulty in emptying the bowels

Crohn’s disease

Inflammation of the digestive tract, leading to abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition

Diarrhea

Loose stools, which may be caused by an infection or by a disorder such as Crohn’s disease

Flatulence

Gas buildup in the abdominal area

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Also known as heartburn, burning pain in the upper abdomen and chest caused by a reflux of acidic contents of the stomach into the esophagus

Nausea

Feeling or urge to vomit, sometimes associate with vertigo or dizziness

Ulcer

A sore formed in the stomach or small intestine caused by hypersecretion of acid

Vomiting

Also known as emesis, occurs when the stomach or brain is triggered to eject matter form the stomach

Antiulcer Agent - Histamine (H2) Antagonists

-tidine

Inhibit histamine binding at H2 receptors in gastric cells in the stomach that suppresses acid secretion

Antiulcer Agent - Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI)

-prazole

Inhibit the proton pump in the gastric cells, which inhibits acid secretion into the stomach

Monoclonal Antibodies

-mab

Inactive tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which reduces inflammation

Antiemetics

Prevent nausea and vomitting by blocking receptors in the brain

Antispasmodics

Block actylcholine from binding on smooth muscle, which decreases spasms

Laxatives and Stool Softners

Promote evacuation of bowel through increase in motility or fluid stimulation