Metals, non metals, group 1, 7, 0 and transition elements

What are metals?

Metals are elements which form positive ions when they react.

What are non metals?

They are elements that form negative ions when they react.

How do metals react?

They are found mainly to the left of the periodic table meaning they have less electrons in their outer shell. The further you go down the groups on the left, the more the shells increase meaning the attraction between the nucleus decreases meaning it become easier to lose their outer shell electrons

How do non-metals react?

By gaining electrons as they are found to the right of the periodic table meaning they have more electrons in their outer shell meaning its far easier to gain electrons rather than losing them

Physical properties of metals

They are strong, malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity, high boiling and melting points

Physical properties of non metals

Dull, brittle, insulators of heat and electricity, low melting and boiling points compared to metals and lower density than metals

What is the name for group 1 metals?

alkali metals

Why are group 1 metals so reactive?

the only have one electron in their outer shell, so it is easily lost, making it very reactive

How does the reactivity of group 1 metals change down the group?

The reactivity increases because the outer shell electron gets further away from the nucleus due to the atomic radius increasing meaning that the attraction between the nucleus and electron decreases meaning it is easily lost

How does melting points and boiling points of group 1 metal change down the group?

The melting and boiling points decrease

what do alkali metals and water form? What are observations?

metal hydroxide and hydrogen. float around on surface and fizz furiously as hydrogen is produced

what do alkali metals and chlorine form? What are the observations?

metal chloride. They react vigorously when heated in chlorine gas

what do alkali metals and oxygen form? What are observations?

metal oxide. they metals tarnish in the air as the metal reacts with the oxygen in the air

What are group 7 elements called?

Halogens

How does reactivity of halogens change down the group?

It decreases as they have 7 electrons in their outer shell meaning they have to gain 1 electron but as you go down the group, the atomic radius increases meaning the attraction between the outer shell electrons and nucleus decrease meaning there is less attraction to pull electrons into the atom

How do melting and boiling point change as you go down Group 7?

They increase

What are properties of Halogens?

very toxic

What happens in a halogen displacement reaction?

a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen

what are group 0 elements called?

noble gases

How do the boiling points of noble gases change down the group?

They increase

Why are noble gases unreactive?

Their outer energy level of electrons is full so they dont need to react with any element

Transition elements properties?

good conductors of heal and electricity, dense, strong and shiny

What are transition metal ions?

Ions formed by transition elements usually forming coloured compounds

What are transition metals good at?

Being catalysts:

- iron is the catalyst used in the Haber process for making ammonia

- nickel is useful for hydrogenation of alkenes(making margerine)

Compare the Transition Metals and the Alkali Metals

Transition metals are less reactive with water and oxygen and halogens

They are much denser and stronger

They have much higher melting points