Ch_05_Lecture on Inheritance

What is the cell theory?

All life is cellular and all cells arise from preexisting cells.

What is cell division and its purposes?

Cell division is the formation of new cells from preexisting cells, allowing for growth, repair, and reproduction.

What are the two types of reproduction mentioned?

Asexual and Sexual reproduction.

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid).

What is the chromosome number in humans?

Humans have 46 chromosomes in every cell.

What is mitosis?

Mitosis is a type of cell division in which cells make copies of themselves.

What are sister chromatids?

Sister chromatids are pairs of duplicated chromosomes.

What does the cell cycle consist of?

The cell cycle consists of interphase and the mitotic phase.

What is the outcome of the mitotic phase?

The result is two genetically identical offspring cells.

What are the four different stages of mitosis?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

What is cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm between daughter cells.

What is cancer in relation to cell division?

Cancer results from unregulated cell division due to mutations.

What are oncogenes?

Mutated proto-oncogenes that cause cancer.

What is the process of meiosis?

Meiosis is cell division for the production of gametes that leads to haploid cells.

What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome, while haploid cells have one copy.

What causes Down syndrome?

Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21, where a person receives three copies of chromosome 21.

What is independent assortment?

Independent assortment is the random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes during meiosis.

What is crossing over?

Crossing over is when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis.

What is the role of gametes in sexual reproduction?

Gametes (sperm and eggs) are haploid cells produced for sexual reproduction.

What condition results from nondisjunction in sex chromosomes?

Nondisjunction can result in conditions like Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome.

What is the significance of HeLa cells?

HeLa cells are an immortal cell line derived from cervical cancer cells used for medical research.

How does contact inhibition differ between normal and cancer cells?

Normal cells stop dividing when they encounter other cells, while cancer cells continue to divide.