English 11 Honors My Perspective Student Edition: Volume 1 : Poetry (Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Emerson, etc)

Unalienable

Impossible to take away or give up

Constraints

Requires or forces

Tyranny

Oppresive power

Assent

Approval or aggrement

Acquiesce

accept something reluctantly but without protest

Rectitude

morally correct behavior or thinking; uprightness

Argument

Writing that is meant to get readers to think in a certain way or take particular action

Persuasive appeals

Techniques used to convince

Pathos

Appeals to emotion; attempt to influence readers feeling

Logos

Appeals to logic: connect readers rationality or reason

Ethos

Appeals to Authority; suggest the writer has special expertise

Syntax

The structure of a sentence

Usage

The way in which a word or phase is used

Formality

the level of familarity with which writers address the reader

Preamble

a statement that explains who is issuing the document and for what purpose

Enumeration

Text that follows the preamble, in which the major ideas are listed in numerical order.

Heading

Each structure begins with

Serial comma

If it is used, the serial comma is placed immediately before the coordinating conjunction (and, or , or nor).

Parallel structure

If two items in the list are prepositional phrases, then the remaining items should also be prepositional phrases

Loathsome

causing hatred or disgust

Wretched

In a very unhappy or unfortunate state

dejected

Sad or depressed

Slave Narrative

The interesting Narrative of the life of Olaudah; autobiography; Uses emotional appeals

ampler

more abundant

teeming

full

vast

very great in size

breadth

wide range; expansive extent

prolific

fruitful;abundant

multitudes

Large number of people or things; masses

Underlying the poem’s diverse subjects is the constant echo of an:

Epic theme

Free verse

irrgular meter, no rhyme scheme, and varying line lengths

Anaphora

A type of rhetociral device, repetition of a word or group of words

Catalogue

List of people, objects or situations (Whitman)

Diction

word choice

Onomatopoeia

Sensory words that mimic the sounds they name (whitman)

Words in Paris

The use of words in pairs joined by “and”. (Whitman)

Imperial

relating to an empire

Emperor

ruler of highest rank and authority, escpecially of an empire

treason

the action of betraying someone or something

Sovereign

Supreme authority or power

captivity

condition of being held prisoner

Exact Rhyme

two or more words have identical sounds in their final expressed syllables. (Emily Dick.)

Slant Rhyme

the final sounds are similar but not identical

Paradox

Statement that seems contradictory but actually presents a truth.

Parts of Speech

use in a sentence: noun, pronoun,verb, adjective, prepostion, conjuctionm or interjection

Abstract Noun

Refers to an idea, quality, or concept reather than to a specific object

concrete noun

names something that you can experience through your five senses

Sanctitiy

The state or quality of being holy, sacred, or saintly

Transcendent

Beyond or above the range of normal A or merely physical human experience

Redeemers

A person who brings goodness, honor, etc., to something again

Independent clauses

Have a subject and verb and can stand alone as complete thoughts

Subordinate(or dependent) caluses

Have a subject and verb but cannot stand alone as complete thoughts

Familiar word parts

Roots, prefixes, or suffixes.

Sufficed

be enough or adequate

superfluous

Unnecessary, escpecially through being more than enough

vital

absolutely necessary or important; essential

Point of view

Prespective the writer adopt toward a situation or set of issues

Philosophical assumptions(Thoraeu)

her takes for granted and that form a foundation for his ideas

Explicit (Thoreau)

Stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt

Implicit (thoreau)

not stated outright

Thoreau uses

diction or word choice, combines figure of speech, uses analogy.

Direct address of the reader(th.)

when a writer or speaker explicity addresses the audience as “you”

brief anecdotes(th.)

a brief story about something interesting or funny in a person’s life.

Pithy statement(th.)

a brief but meaningful expression of an idea

Form

the overall structure or shape of a poem

Fixed form

A poem tha can be categorized by the pattern of its lines, meters, rhymes, and stanzas

Open form

Poems that do not conform to established patterns of lines, meters, rhymes, and stanzas

Stanza

grouping of lines, set off by space/break, usually with a set pattern of meter and rhyme

Rhyme scheme

Pattern of end rhymes

Couplet

Consists of two lines that usually rhyme and heave the same meter

Terza rima

Interlocking three-line rhyme scheme

Quatrain

A four -line stnza with various rhyme schemes

English sonnet

3 quatrains and couplet

According to whitman, what determines the shape of poem

Praised the individuals

Why does Whitman prefer open forms over fixed forms such as the sonnet?

express diversity and structure, unquiens.

Transcendtalism

19th century American philosophy and theological movement that emphasizes intuitive & spiritual thinking over scientific thinking

Pantheism

the belief that nature, the universe, and reality are the same as the supreme entity or divinity.

-ism

(suffix) abstract → concrete