emphasized the distinct character of federal and state citizenship
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2
Munn v. Illinois (1877)
states may set rates for grain storage, and private property dedicated to public use is subject to government regulation
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3
Wabash, St. Louis. and Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois (1886)
individual states had no power to regulate interstate commerce
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4
United States v. E.C. Knight Company (1888)
Sherman Anti-Trust Act does not apply to a trust that refined over 90% of the sugar sold in the US; later eroded by other decisions
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5
Pollock v. Farmers Loan and Trust Company (1895)
declared the first federal income tax law unconsitutional
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6
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
announced the acceptance of the doctrine of “separate but equal”
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7
Insular Cases (1901)
territories gained in the Spanish American War were no longer to be considered “foreign countries” but neither were they assumed to be part of the US; as territories they were ruled by Congress
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8
Northern Securities Company v. US (1904)
A holding company formed for the express purpose of limited competition is guilty of restraint of trade and in violation of the federal anti trust acts
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9
Lochner v. New York (1905)
overturned a law limiting the number of hours a company may require a worker to work; said it infringed on the freedom of contracts
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10
Muller v. Oregon (1908)
upheld an Oregon law limiting the number of hours women could be employed in industry; to safeguard their childbearing ability
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11
Bunting v. Oregon (1917)
extended the above ruling to include all industrial workers (10 hour day); overturned *Lochner v. New York*
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12
Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)
overturned a law banning products made by child labor from being sold in interstate commerce; reversed in 1941 in *US v. Darby Lumber Company*
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13
Schechter v. United States (1919)
freedom of speech may be curtailed if exercising that right posed a “clear and present danger” to others or to the state
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14
Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States (1935)
declared the NIRA (National Industry Recovery Act) unconstituitonal
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15
US v. Butler (1936)
declared the Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional
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16
Smith v. Allwright (1944)
overruled practices like the “all-white” primary in choosing state and national officials
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17
Korematsu v. US (1944)
upheld the 1942 removal of Japanese-Americans to relocation centers in inland camps; declared within the combined war powers of Congress
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18
Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
held that intangible factors may be considered in determining whether professional education programs are comparable under the separate but equal doctrine
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19
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954, 1955)
overturned the “separate but equal” ruling in Plessy; mandated that segregated facilities be eliminated “with all deliberate speed'“
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20
Guinn v. United States (1915)
Court struck down Oklahoma’s “grandfather’s clause”
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