Digestive System

Or/o

Oral Cavity

Stomat/o

Oral Cavity

Dent/o

Teeth

Odont/o

Teeth

Sial/o

Salivary glands

Pharyng/o

Pharynx

Esophag/o

Esophagus

Gastr/o

Stomach

Enter/o

Small intestine

Duoden/o

Duodenum

Jejun/o

Jejunum

Ile/o

Ileum

Append/o

Appendix

Appendic/o

Appendix

Col/o

Colon

Colon/o

Colon

Rect/o

Rectum

Proct/o

Rectum

Hepat/o

Liver

Cholecyst/o

Gallbladder

Pancreat/o

Pancreas

Oral Cavity structure

-teeth

-salivary glands

Small intestine structures

-duodenum

-jejunum

-ileum

Large intestine structures

-cecum (contains appendix)

-colon

Rectum

Functions of Digestive Tract

-breaks own food physically and chemically

-prepares food for absorption by cells of the body

-eliminates waste substances

Oral Cavity Function

Mastication - mechanical process of chewing

Saliva - chemical breakdown

Pharynx and Esophagus Function

Tongue pushes bolus (rounded mass of chewed food) down to stomach (swallowing = deglutition) (peristalsis - rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle to produce movement)

Stomach Function

Mechanical breakdown - stomach contractions

Chemical breakdown (HCI and enzyme)

Small Intestines Function

Additional enzymes and secretions further digest

Nutrient absorbed by the bloodstream

Large Intestine Function

No digestion - water absorption and removal of undigested material

Liver Function

Produces biles (fat digestion) blood sugar role

Pancreas Function

Secretes insulin and digestive enzymes to small intestines

Gallbladder

Stores and releases bile(from liver) into ducts of small intestine

Bilirubin

Orange - yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by liver cells and eventually excreted in the feces

Liver damage or disease

Elevated bilirubin in the blood produces yellowing of the skin (jaundice0. It can also indicate…

Bolus

Mass of masticated food ready for swallowing

Exocrine

Type of gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

Sphincter

Circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body

An example of a sphincter is the…

Lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter (constricts one food passes into the stomach)

Triglycerides

Organic compound, a true fat, that is Mae of one glycerol and three fatty acids

Oral Cavity

Involved with mastication…

Liver

Where bile is produced…

Bolus

Rounded mass of chewed food…

Cecum

Section (inside large intestine) is the appendix found…

Esophagus

Involved in deglutition

Pancreas

Structure that secrets digestive enzymes (and insulin) to the small intestines

Peristalsis

The wave-like movement of the digestive tract to push food down along….

Oral Cavity

Where does the chemical breakdown of food begin…

Gallbladder

Structure that sores and release bile…

Gloss/o

Tongue

Lingu/o

Tongue

Bucc/o

Cheek

Cheil/o

Lip

Labi/o

Lip

Dent/o

Teeth

Odont/o

Teet

Gingiv/o

Gum(s)

Pharyng/o

Pharynx (throat)

Gastr/o

Pylorus

Duodenum

First part of small intestines

Enter

(Small) intestine

Jejunum

Second part of small intestine

Ileum

Third part of small intestine

Sigmoid/o

Sigmoid colon

Proct/o

Anus, rectum

An/o

Anus

Cholangi/o

Bile vessel

Chol/e

Bile, gall

Choledoch/o

Bile duct

-emesis

Vomit

-iasis

Abnormal condition (produced by something specific)

-orexia

Appetite

-pepsia

Digestion

-phagia

Swallowing, eating

-prandial

Meal

-rrhea

Discharge, flow

-ist

Specialist

-lith

Stone, calculus

-scope

Instrument for examining

-algia

Pain

-scopy

Visual examination

-rrhaphy

Suture

-cele

Hernia, swelling

-lysis

Separation; destruction; loosening

-ole

Small, minute

Dys

Bad; painful; difficult

Aer/o

Air

Steat/o

Fat

Dia-

Though, across

Peri-

Around

Sub-

Under, below

Hemaemesis

Vomiting blood

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing or inability to swallow

Hemorrhoids

Varicose veins in the rectal area

Halitosis

Fou-smelling breath

Anorexia

Loss of appetite

Melena

Dark, tarry stools caused by presence of blood in GI tract

Cirrhosis

Yellowing of the skin caused by liver diease

Cachexia

State of ill health, malnutrition and wasting

Obstipation

Intractable constipation