14 - histogenesis, morphology and physiology of peridontium. Composition of periodontium elemnts. Morphological characteristics in childhood. function

Histogenesis, morphology and physiology of periodontium

• Periodontium is tissues investing and supporting teeth, these include:

• Cementum - provides attachement for PDL

• Periodontal ligament (PDL) - acts as shock absorbers fro masticatory forces

• Alveolar bone - structural support and houses tootth sockets

• Gingiva - physical barrier and protects against mricrobes

what is periodontium fromed from?

• from third element of tooth germ - dental follicle

• cells of dental follicles, which are:

• Cementoblasts - forms cementum

• fibroblasts - building periodontium

• Osteoblasts - build alveolar boen

Connective tissue in periodontium

• there are branches of apical artery, bone arteries and gingival arteries

• Nerves grow under the same scheme

• There are also lymphatic vessels

• There is also tissue fluid

Composition of periodontium

• Cells - fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, immune cells

• Fibres - collage (1 and 3), elastic fibres

• Ground substance - proteoglycans and glycoproteins

• vascular and nerve supply

Morphological characteristics of periodontium in childhood

• cementum - thin and less mineralised

• PDL - more cellular elements and wider to accommodate eruption

• Alveolar bone - porous and less dense

• Gingiva - thinner epithelium and less keratinisation, brighter colour

Function of periodontium

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• formative

• supportive

• protective

• sensory

• nutritive

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