Hormones

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27 Terms

1
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What hormones are released from the adrenal medulla?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

2
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What do epinephrine and norepinephrine increase?

HR, force of contraction and BP, bronchodilation

—> this increases blood flow to heart, liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

3
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Which hormones are produced by the pancreas?

Insulin and glucagon.

4
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What do insulin and glucagon regulate?

blood sugar concentration

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What is the function of insulin?

Insulin assists glucose entry into cells.

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What does glucagon do?

Stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose into the blood.

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What is oestrogen?

a female sex hormone released from the ovaries

8
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What effect does a decrease in oestrogen levels during menopause have?

Decreased bone density, joint stiffness, inflammation, the composition and production of synovial fluid, influences metabolism, muscular function and body composition

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When is progesterone produced?

during the luteal phase from the ovaries

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How does progesterone affect fuel utilization?

Promotes a greater reliance on fat rather than carbohydrates.

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What is the calming effect of progesterone?

It has a calming and sedative effect on the central nervous system.

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What is testosterone?

a male sex hormone released from testes

13
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What does testosterone help with?

bone formation, muscle growth and repair (protein synthesis)

14
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What does testosterone aid in the production of?

Erythropoietin, which ensures enough oxygen-carrying red blood cells.

15
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What regulates fluid and electrolyte balance in the blood?

ADH produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland

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What is the role of ADH?

Signals the kidneys to reabsorb more water into the bloodstream.

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When is ADH released?

In response to dehydration, high blood salt levels, or low blood pressure.

18
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  1. What does exercise increases?

Sweat rate.

19
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  1. What does sweating cause?

an increase in concentration of electrolytes in the blood

20
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  1. What is this increase detected by?

the hypothalamus

21
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  1. What does the hypothalamus send?

a signal to the pituitary gland

22
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  1. What does the pituitary gland secrete?

ADH into the blood to act on the kidneys

23
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  1. What do the kidneys then do?

reabsorb more water and produce less urine

24
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GHRH

growth hormone-releasing hormone

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What does GHRH stimulate?

The anterior pituitary gland to produce and release growth hormones into the bloodstream

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GHIH

growth hormone-inhibiting hormone

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What does GHIH inhibit?

the release of growth hormones from the anterior pituitary gland ensuring growth hormone levels are balanced to the body’s needs