Definitions and Types of Sampling Methods

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to bias, types of data, sampling methods, and statistics.

Bias

Systematically favoring certain outcomes.

Data

Information about a group of individuals.

Parameter

A numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a population.

Qualitative Data

Non-numerical observations (categorical data).

Quantitative Data

Numerical measurements.

Sample

A small group of individuals or objects selected to represent the entire group.

Simple Random Sample

Every member of a population has equal probability of being included in the sample.

Statistic

A numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a sample.

Statistics

The study of numerical data.

Variable

A characteristic of an individual.

Voluntary Response Sample

A sampling method that relies on individuals choosing to participate.

Convenience Sample

A sampling method that selects individuals who are easiest to reach.

Systematic Sampling

A sampling method that selects individuals based on a fixed interval.