The Innate Immune System

A collection of flashcards summarizing key terms and concepts related to the innate immune system and its functions.

Immunity

Resistance to pathogens based on the ability of the immune system to recognize self from non-self.

Innate Immune System

Also known as natural or native immunity, it provides immediate protection and is nonspecifically directed without memory of prior exposure.

Adaptive Immune System

Also known as acquired immunity, it is a slower, more focused defense component that has a memory of prior exposure.

First Line of Defense

Includes mechanical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes, as well as chemical barriers like gastric acid.

Second Line of Defense

Includes the inflammation response and phagocytosis, involving cells like monocytes and macrophages.

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)

Molecules associated with potential pathogens that are recognized by the innate immune system.

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

Receptors that recognize PAMPs and initiate immune responses such as opsonization and phagocytosis.

Natural Killer Cells

A type of lymphocyte that plays a role in the innate immune response by recognizing and eliminating infected or malignant cells.

Clonal Expansion

The process by which a particular lymphocyte proliferates and differentiates into effector cells in response to an antigen.

Phagocytosis

The process by which certain cells engulf and digest pathogens or particles.

Memory Lymphocytes

Cells that retain the memory of antigens after an initial exposure, enabling faster and more effective responses upon subsequent exposures.