Biology

first step to lytic cycle

first step to lytic cycle

Attachment: virus attaches to host cell

Second step to lytic cycle

penetration: Viral DNA is injected into into the cell

third step to lytic cycle

biosynthesis: The making of all of the viruses different parts

fourth step to lytic cycle

assembly: All of the virus parts are put together, creating a bunch of the virus.

fifth step to lytic cycle

Release: Host cell becomes aware of the phages presence and lysis, releasing the viruses to infect new host cells, and dies.

first step to lysogenic cycle

Attachment: Phage attaches to the host cell

Second step to lysogenic cycle

Penetration: The Phage DNA enters the host cell

Third step to lysogenic cycle

Integration: Viral DNA (prophage) incorporates itself into the host cells DNA

Fourth step to lysogenic cycle

Replication: Viral DNA is passed onto the new cells when host replicates

What causes the switch from the lysogenic cycle to the lytic cycle

A trigger like radiation, certain chemicals (Chemical trigger) the viral DNA will separate from host DNA and will go into the lytic cycle

Lysis

When host cell breaks open and releases virus

Virus is

non-living

Virus structure

has a protein coat called a capsid that surrounds their genetic material

Virus reproduction

Infect living cells and uses host cell to reproduce new viruses.

Viruses are highly specific and will only infect

specific types of cells

Virus Genetic code

has DNA or RNA

What makes a virus non-living

no growth and development, can't obtain and use energy, can't respond the environment, but can change over time

Cell is

living

cell structure

has a cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA and the eukaryotes have nucleus and organelles

cell reproduction

"sexual" and asexual cell division

cell Genetic code

DNA

What makes a cell living

has growth and development, obtains and uses energy, responds to environment and can change over time

bacteria is

living

bacilli

rod-shaped bacteria

cocci

spherical shaped bacteria

spirilla

spiral and corkscrew-shaped bacteria

bacteria movement

some glide with slime-like outer layer, some are propelled with tail like flagella or Pili, Some don't move.

Obligate aerobes

organisms that need oxygen in order to live

obligate anaerobes

Bacteria that need to live in a space with zero oxygen

Facultative Anaerobes

bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen

Gram-positive cell wall

thick peptidoglycan cell wall but no lipid bilayer

Gram-negative cell wall

Thin peptidoglycan with lipid bilayer

Chemoheterotrophs

must take in organic molecules to survive (i.e. glucose)

photoheterotrophs

uses sunlight energy but needs organic molecules for carbon source

photoautotrophs

uses light energy to create carbon compounds and energy (like photosynthesis)

chemoautotrophs

uses energy from chemicals to make carbon compounds

Binary fission

A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical daughter cells.

conjugation

A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.

spore formation

an asexual reproductive process in which an organism forms a special cell called a spore which protect DNA as the bacteria goes dormant until conditions in environment are livable.

pathogens

disease-causing substance

Bacteria genetic code

DNA and RNA

Phages

The virus that attaches to the host cell and injects DNA in it to reproduce.

Germ theory

proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many disease (i.e. viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi, animals)

Louis Pasteur discovery

Found why we need to keep our foods packaged and not just out in the air. Found that the air particles with direct access to the broth could spoil and infect it but when they didn't have direct access left the broth unspoiled and unaffected.

Bacteria kingdom

eubacteria

bacteria has

no nucleus

bacteria does have a

cell wall with peptidoglycan

Bacteria environment

variety of environment (i.e. humans, fresh water, salt water, on land)

Cyanobacteria

blue-green bacteria

Bacillus

spore forming bacteria

rickettsia

obligate internal parasite

archaea are

extremophiles

extremophiles

live in extreme environments

archaea kingdom

archaea bacteria

archaea don't have

a nucleus

Archaea environment

harsh environments

Methanogens

Archaea that release methane, a greenhouse gas.

Halophiles

"salt-loving" archaea that live in environments that have very high salt concentrations

thermoacidophiles

Live in extremely acidic and high temperature environments

antiseptics

inhibit the growth of bacteria on the skin's surface, can target bacteria, viral species, and fungi

antibiotics

kill bacteria directly, only effective against bacteria.