Psych 9.4

Motivation

Motivation

the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met

exterinsic motivation

Why a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person.

Needs and Instinct

Biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals.

Drive

a psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension

Drive reduction theory

approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal

Primary drives

those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst

secondary drives

those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval

Homeostasis

the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state.

Need for achievement

A need that involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals, not only realistic but challenging ones

Need for affiliation

the need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others

Need for power

the need to have control or influence over others

Stimilus Motive

The motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity.

Arousal Theory

theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation

Sensation seeker

Someone who needs more arousal than the average person.

Incentives

things that attract or lure people into action

Self actualization

according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential

Peak experiences

according to Maslow, times in a person's life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved

Intrinsic motivation

type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner

insolin

A hormone secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by reducing the level of glucose in the bloodstream

Glucagon

A hormone secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by increasing the level of glucose in the bloodstream is called

Obesity

A condition in which the body weight of a person is 20% or more over the ideal weight for the person's height.

Leptin

a hormone that, when released into the bloodstream, signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full

Emotion

the "feeling" aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings

James-Lange Theory

a physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion

Cannon-Bard Theory

States that a physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time.

Cognitive arousal theory

theory of emotion in which both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced

facial feedback hypothesis

theory of emotion that assumes that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain concerning the emotion being expressed, which in turn causes and intensifies the emotion

cognitive-mediational theory

theory of emotion in which a stimulus must be interpreted (appraised) by a person in order to result in a physical response and an emotional reaction