BIO-123: Eukaryotes Practical

Saccharomyces cerevisiae plate

Saccharomyces cerevisiae type of eukaryote

fungus

Saccharomyces cerevisiae y/m

yeast - has buds instead of hyphae, smooth

Saccharomyces cerevisiae classification basis

sexual reproduction

Saccharomyces cerevisiae # of cells

unicellular

diseases caused by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“yeast infections” or candidiasis caused by Candida albicans

Saccharomyces cerevisiae transmission

Endogenous; member of the normal microbiome but can overgrow if one is immunocompromised or taking antibiotics that kill good bacteria but leave the yeast behind to flourish

Saccharomyces cerevisiae signs/symptoms

irritation, itching; inflammation at infection site

Saccharomyces cerevisiae diagnosis

finding budding yeasts in samples

Saccharomyces cerevisiae treatment

azoles

Rhizopus stolonifer plate

Rhizopus stolonifer type of eukaryote

fungus

Rhizopus stolonifer y/m

mold - has hyphae instead of buds

Rhizopus stolonifer classification basis

sexual reproduction

Rhizopus stolonifer # of cells

multicellular

Rhizopus stolonifer disease

mycosis - a disease caused by fungi

Rhizopus stolonifer trasmission

inhalation of spores

Rhizopus stolonifer signs/symptoms

systemic mycoses - coughing and/or skin rashes

cutaneous/subcutaneous mycoses - skin rashes and irritation

Rhizopus stolonifer diagnosis

Finding budding yeasts/pseudohyphae or encapsulated spores in skin scrapings or tissue biopsies

Rhizopus stolonifer treatment

azoles

toxoplasma gondii slide

toxoplasma gondii lifecycle stages

cyst and trophozoite

toxoplasma gondii classification basis

motility (movement)

toxoplasma gondii # of cells

unicellular

toxoplasma gondii disease

Toxoplasmosis– which is transmitted by cats and is dangerous to humans if it crosses the placenta

toxoplasma gondii transmission

ingesting or inhaling cysts from cat poop; cross-placental transmission to fetuses

toxoplasma gondii signs/symptoms

some have no symptoms; some may have flu-like symptoms, but can cause miscarriage in pregnant woman

toxoplasma gondii diagnosis

finding cysts in tissue samples, trophozoites in blood smears, antibody tests

toxoplasma gondii treatment

Anti-protozoals (pyrimethamine)

plasmodium smear (ring form)

plasmodium type of eukaryote

protozoa

plasmodium lifecyle stages

cyst and trophozoite

plasmodium classification basis

motility

plasmodium # of cells

unicellular

plasmodium disease

malaria

plasmodium transmission

mosquitoes

plasmodium signs/symptoms

Waves of fever and chills that coincide with the parasite’s lifecycle

plasmodium diagnosis

finding trophozoites trapped in RBCs

plasmodium treatment

anti-protozoals like chloroquine

Saccharomyces cerevisiae slide

Amoeba proteus slide

Amoeba proteus type of eukaryote

protozoa

Amoeba proteus lifecycle stages

cysts and trophozoites

Amoeba proteus classification basis

motility

Amoeba proteus # of cells

unicellular

Amoeba proteus disease

Entamoeba histolytica – causes amoebiasis / amoebic dysentery

Amoeba proteus transmission

Drinking contaminated water containing cysts

Amoeba proteus signs/symptoms

bloody diarrhea

Amoeba proteus diagnosis

finding cysts in stool samples

Amoeba proteus treatment

Anti-protozoals like nitroimidazole

Giardia lamblia slide

Giardia lamblia type of eukaryote

protozoa

Giardia lamblia lifecycle stages

cyst and trophozoite

Giardia lamblia classification basis

motility

Giardia lamblia # of cells

unicellular

Giardia lamblia disease

Giardiasis

Giardia lamblia transmission

Drinking water contaminated filled with cysts. Cysts survive stomach acid and make it to intestine where trophozoites cause inflammation.

Giardia lamblia signs/symptoms

Greasy/shiny/floaty diarrhea

Giardia lamblia diagnosis

Finding cysts and trophozoites in stool sample

Giardia lamblia treatment

Anti-protozoals like nitroimidazole

Schistosoma egg slide

Schistosoma type of eukaryote

helminth (worm)

Schistosoma lifecycle stages

egg, larva, adult

Schistosoma classification basis

body shape

Schistosoma # of cells

multicellular

Schistosoma disease

Schistosomiasis

Schistosoma transmission

swimming in contaminated water where the larval form burrows into your skin

Schistosoma signs/symptoms

Itchy spots on the skin but also can cause damage to other organ systems.

Schistosoma diagnosis

Finding eggs in stool, urine, or tissue samples. Elevated eosinophil count.

Schistosoma treatment

Anti-helminthics like praziquantel

Schistosoma egg

Enterobius vermicularis egg slide

Enterobius vermicularis type of eukaryote

helminth (worm)

Enterobius vermicularis lifecycle stages

egg, larva, adult

Enterobius vermicularis classification basis

body shape

Enterobius vermicularis # of cells

multicellular

Enterobius vermicularis disease

pinworm

Enterobius vermicularis transmission

Contacting eggs from scratching itchy anal folds or from contaminated friends/family and ingesting them. Fecal-oral route.

Enterobius vermicularis signs/symptoms

itchy anus

Enterobius vermicularis diagnosis

finding eggs in anal folds

Enterobius vermicularis treatment

Anti-helminthics like albendazole

Taenia worm specimen

Taenia type of eukaryote

helminth (worm)

Taenia lifecycle stages

egg, larva, adult

Taenia classification basis

body shape

Taenia # of cells

multicellular

Taenia disease

tapeworm disease

Taenia transmission

Ingesting larval cysts called cysticerci in contaminated meat

Taenia signs/symptoms

Decreased appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, malnutrition

Taenia diagnosis

Finding eggs in the stool or elevated eosinophil count

Taenia treatment

Anti-helminthics like praziquantel

Ascaris egg

Ascaris type of eukaryote

helminth (worm)

Ascaris lifecycle stages

egg, larva, adult

Ascaris # of cells

multicellular

Ascaris disease

Ascariasis or intestinal roundworms

Ascaris transmission

Ingesting eggs from contaminated food or water

Ascaris signs/symptoms

Diarrhea, weight loss, intestinal blockages; can also migrate throughout the body and affect lungs

Ascaris diagnosis

Finding eggs in stool, high eosinophil count

Ascaris treatment

Anti-helminthics like mebendazole