APUSH Unit 2

Salem Witch Trials

1629 outbreak of accusations in a Puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria, and unfounded accusations in courts with Puritan ministers who served as judges; 19 women were executed

Roger Williams

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south

Jonathan Edwards

A leading minister during the Great Awakening, he delivered the famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" promising that evildoers would pay a price on judgment day

Half-Way Covenant

Allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; it lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members

Enlightenment

Also known as the Age of Reason; an intellectual and cultural movement in the eighteenth century that emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith; led to political ideas in liberty, equality, and justice

Quakers

Also known as the Religious Society of Friends; a religious group who believed people have an "inner light"; because of the persecution against them, Pennsylvania was created as a refuge

Bacon's Rebellion

A militia of disgruntled former indentured servants raided Jamestown, burned buildings, and forced the governor to flee; rebelled because Governor Berkeley refused to send in the military to help with the violence in the Virginia backcountry between the colonists and the Native Americans

Separatists

A religious group who wanted to leave the Church of England; came to America for religious freedom

John Smith

At the age of 27, he took control in Jamestown; he organized the colony; coined the phrase "he who shall not work, shall not eat"; he also initiated attacks on Natives which eventually led to his kidnapping

Plymouth

English colony founded by Puritans (Pilgrims) who traveled on the Mayflower; established the colony mainly for religious reasons; led by William Bradford

House of Burgesses

Established in 1619 in Virginia, it was the first representative assembly in the English colonies; it was short-lived however and dissolved when the king made Virginia a royal colony

George Whitefield

Great Awakening evangelical preacher with a booming voice to traveled through the colonies teaching "old light" ideals; he preached in barns, fields, and camp meetings converting hundreds of people

John Calvin

He elaborated on Martin Luther's ideas about the Catholic Church; preached predestination, the idea that God has actually chosen those for salvation

William Penn

He founded a colony as a refuge for Quakers; he inherited the land as a debt payment to his family, he established and advertised the colony to attract more colonists; his "holy experiment" resulted in a tolerant colony who allowed free men to vote

John Rolfe

He introduced tobacco to Jamestown, creating a cash crop that financially saved the colony and benefitted Virginia Company investors

John Winthrop

He served as the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony; in his sermon "A Model of Christian Charity," he declared it would serve as "a city upon a hill" for other Puritans to replicate

Protestant Reformation

Initiated by Martin Luther; a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches

Headright System

Planters could receive 50 acres of land for paying the passage for an indentured servant from England

Great Awakening

Religious movement characterized by emotional preaching; it established American religious precedents such as camp meetings, revivals, and a "born again" philosophy; many credit it as one of the causes of the American Revolution

Navigation Acts

Restricted trade between England and its colonies to English ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through England before export, and banned colonial competition in large-scale manufacturing

Anne Hutchinson

She was banished from Puritan Massachusetts because she held bible studies at her house and believed in a personal relationship with God; she spent time in Rhode Island before moving to New Hampshire where she died along with her children from an Indian attack

Mayflower Compact

Signed in 1620 by 41 men on the journey from Europe to the colonies; the first agreement for self-government in America; established a government for the Plymouth colony

joint-stock company

Similar to a modern day corporation, these companies allowed investors to spread the wealth and the risk in establishing new colonies; ex. Virginia Company and Massachusetts Bay Company

Dominion of New England

The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Edmund Andros); it ended after a colonist revolt due to the Glorious Revolution

Roanoke

The first major attempt at English colonization by Sir Walter Raleigh; known as the "Lost Colony" because when leader John White returned with supplies from England, the colonists had disappeared

Jamestown

The first permanent English colony in the New World; established in 1607 in Virginia, named after Queen Elizabeth; few colonists survived the "Starving Time" but managed to maintain the colony

Barbados Slave Codes

These originated in the Caribbean and followed the slaves who were imported into the colonies; they outlined the rules for acceptable behavior, limited the rights of slaves, and granted a considerable amount of power to slave owners