APUSH Unit 2

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Salem Witch Trials

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27 Terms

1

Salem Witch Trials

1629 outbreak of accusations in a Puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria, and unfounded accusations in courts with Puritan ministers who served as judges; 19 women were executed

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2

Roger Williams

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south

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3

Jonathan Edwards

A leading minister during the Great Awakening, he delivered the famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" promising that evildoers would pay a price on judgment day

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4

Half-Way Covenant

Allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; it lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members

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5

Enlightenment

Also known as the Age of Reason; an intellectual and cultural movement in the eighteenth century that emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith; led to political ideas in liberty, equality, and justice

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6

Quakers

Also known as the Religious Society of Friends; a religious group who believed people have an "inner light"; because of the persecution against them, Pennsylvania was created as a refuge

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7

Bacon's Rebellion

A militia of disgruntled former indentured servants raided Jamestown, burned buildings, and forced the governor to flee; rebelled because Governor Berkeley refused to send in the military to help with the violence in the Virginia backcountry between the colonists and the Native Americans

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8

Separatists

A religious group who wanted to leave the Church of England; came to America for religious freedom

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9

John Smith

At the age of 27, he took control in Jamestown; he organized the colony; coined the phrase "he who shall not work, shall not eat"; he also initiated attacks on Natives which eventually led to his kidnapping

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10

Plymouth

English colony founded by Puritans (Pilgrims) who traveled on the Mayflower; established the colony mainly for religious reasons; led by William Bradford

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11

House of Burgesses

Established in 1619 in Virginia, it was the first representative assembly in the English colonies; it was short-lived however and dissolved when the king made Virginia a royal colony

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12

George Whitefield

Great Awakening evangelical preacher with a booming voice to traveled through the colonies teaching "old light" ideals; he preached in barns, fields, and camp meetings converting hundreds of people

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13

John Calvin

He elaborated on Martin Luther's ideas about the Catholic Church; preached predestination, the idea that God has actually chosen those for salvation

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14

William Penn

He founded a colony as a refuge for Quakers; he inherited the land as a debt payment to his family, he established and advertised the colony to attract more colonists; his "holy experiment" resulted in a tolerant colony who allowed free men to vote

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15

John Rolfe

He introduced tobacco to Jamestown, creating a cash crop that financially saved the colony and benefitted Virginia Company investors

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16

John Winthrop

He served as the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony; in his sermon "A Model of Christian Charity," he declared it would serve as "a city upon a hill" for other Puritans to replicate

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17

Protestant Reformation

Initiated by Martin Luther; a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches

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18

Headright System

Planters could receive 50 acres of land for paying the passage for an indentured servant from England

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19

Great Awakening

Religious movement characterized by emotional preaching; it established American religious precedents such as camp meetings, revivals, and a "born again" philosophy; many credit it as one of the causes of the American Revolution

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20

Navigation Acts

Restricted trade between England and its colonies to English ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through England before export, and banned colonial competition in large-scale manufacturing

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21

Anne Hutchinson

She was banished from Puritan Massachusetts because she held bible studies at her house and believed in a personal relationship with God; she spent time in Rhode Island before moving to New Hampshire where she died along with her children from an Indian attack

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22

Mayflower Compact

Signed in 1620 by 41 men on the journey from Europe to the colonies; the first agreement for self-government in America; established a government for the Plymouth colony

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23

joint-stock company

Similar to a modern day corporation, these companies allowed investors to spread the wealth and the risk in establishing new colonies; ex. Virginia Company and Massachusetts Bay Company

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24

Dominion of New England

The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Edmund Andros); it ended after a colonist revolt due to the Glorious Revolution

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25

Roanoke

The first major attempt at English colonization by Sir Walter Raleigh; known as the "Lost Colony" because when leader John White returned with supplies from England, the colonists had disappeared

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26

Jamestown

The first permanent English colony in the New World; established in 1607 in Virginia, named after Queen Elizabeth; few colonists survived the "Starving Time" but managed to maintain the colony

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27

Barbados Slave Codes

These originated in the Caribbean and followed the slaves who were imported into the colonies; they outlined the rules for acceptable behavior, limited the rights of slaves, and granted a considerable amount of power to slave owners

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