Chapter 10: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to meiosis and sexual reproduction, including definitions of important terms and concepts.

Meiosis

A type of nuclear division that reduces the chromosome number of the cell by 50%.

Gametes

Reproductive cells created via meiosis; in animals these are sperm and egg cells.

Karyotype

A pictorial display of human chromosomes.

Homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that look alike and have the same length and location of centromere.

Alleles

Alternative forms of a gene that may produce different physical traits.

Independent assortment

The random separation of chromosomes during meiosis, leading to genetic variation.

Crossing over

The exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during meiosis.

Spermatogenesis

The production of sperm in males.

Oogenesis

The production of eggs in females.

Non-disjunction

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division, leading to gain or loss of chromosomes.

Trisomy 21

Also known as Down syndrome, characterized by the presence of three chromosomes at the 21st location.

Turner Syndrome

A genetic condition due to the absence of a second sex chromosome, represented as X0.

Klinefelter Syndrome

A genetic condition where a male has two or more X chromosomes in addition to a Y chromosome.

Poly X Females

Women with an extra X chromosome, leading to XXX.

Jacobs Syndrome

A genetic condition characterized by an extra Y chromosome, represented as XYY.