quiz chapter 16 and 17

Social insects: Haplodiploidy

• Females → diploid, fertilized

• Female Workers → promote wellbeing and development of siblings (indirect fitness)

• Female Queen reproduces

• Males (minority) Drones → haploid, not fertilized → related to sisters ¼

• One sister is related ¾ to other sister

Eusociality

• Division of labor (some reproduce, some do not)

• Cooperative rearing of young

• Overlapping generations → older and younger cooperation

• Queen → fertilization

• Workers → control feeding of larvae

• Social insects and 1 mammals (naked mole rat)

Female works are sterile, so

• They maximize reproductive success of mothers by raising siblings

• Working to promote wellbeing of siblings because they do not reproduce

Hymenopteran Sex Ratio Hypothesis (Trivers and Hare)

Conflict between queens and workers → queen has the same genetic relationship, but daughters are needed more

• R for sisters → 1.5

• R for sisters-brothers → 0.5

• R for queen-son → 0.5

• R for queen-daughter → 0.5

Sex Ratios by Ant Worker Results

• Primary sex ratio from queen determines, secondary from worker (manipulate ratio)

• 97% single queen → singly mated

• Multiply mated → some colonies (queen) mated to several males

Singly mated secondary ratio (workers)

• Female pupae → skewed towards female (more sisters)