word roots final prospectus unit 10+week 11 lecture

biweekly

biweekly

every two weeks

semiweekly

very half week (2x a week)

unconscionable

not guided by a conscience; excessive, extortionate

unconscious

unaware, not cognizant of; passed out

tortuous

"twisting" (a tortuous road)

torturous

causing extreme pain

Primus/a inter pares

"first among equals" (designating the most senior or prominent member in a group otherwise of the same rank or position)

ab ovo

"from the egg" = from the beginning (cf. ovoid)

carpe diem

"pluck/pick the day" = Seize the day! (Dead Poets Society)

caveat emptor

"let the buyer beware"

quid pro quo

"something for something" = "tit for tat"

hybrid

anything of mixed origin (1) This hybrid corn is more insect-resistant than the native 2) Thatdog's a hybrid, a very charming mix of border collie and terrier.)

discombobulated

discomposed; confused (The students were completely discombobulated by Dr. Brelinski's quiz questions)

paradigm

a model; an example (1) I'm the very paradigm of virtue 2) You need to break free from this simplistic paradigm in which you are stuck)

scintilla

trace amount (You don't have a scintilla of evidence to back up your accusations)

lurid

causing shock or horror; glowing like fire through a haze (1) It was a lurid tale of violence and betrayal 2) The light from the fire cast a lurid glow on everything)

Did the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) people leave any writing for us to discover their language?

no, they left no written records, so their existence is inferred from studying the languages that descended from theirs

How did we discover this language?

-around 1500, Europeans started traveling regularly to India--> they noticed similarities between Indian languages and Greek and Latin

-by 1800, it was apparent that Greek, Latin, and Sanskirt had all developed from a common ancestor; and that many other languages had a common ancestor

How did Latin and the Romance languages help us in this discovery?

since Europeans knew that Latin was the parent language and romance languages were its descendants, they were able to recognize that PIE was the parent language to all of the languages

How are Latin and the Romance languages related?

Romance languages developed from Latin

What was the classical language of India?

Sanskrit

How did the European encounter with this language contribute to the discovery of PIE?

realized that European and Indian languages had commonalities, and furthermore had developed from the same common ancestor

In which current country do most scholars think the first speakers of PIE originally lived?

Ukraine

What does cognate literally mean?

born together (words that have a common ancestor)

What's the difference between a cognate and a derivative/borrowing?

cognate=word that has a common origin or etymology with another word in a different language

derivative/borrowing=new word that is made based on an already existing word