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biweekly
every two weeks
semiweekly
very half week (2x a week)
unconscionable
not guided by a conscience; excessive, extortionate
unconscious
unaware, not cognizant of; passed out
tortuous
"twisting" (a tortuous road)
torturous
causing extreme pain
Primus/a inter pares
"first among equals" (designating the most senior or prominent member in a group otherwise of the same rank or position)
ab ovo
"from the egg" = from the beginning (cf. ovoid)
carpe diem
"pluck/pick the day" = Seize the day! (Dead Poets Society)
caveat emptor
"let the buyer beware"
quid pro quo
"something for something" = "tit for tat"
hybrid
anything of mixed origin (1) This hybrid corn is more insect-resistant than the native 2) Thatdog's a hybrid, a very charming mix of border collie and terrier.)
discombobulated
discomposed; confused (The students were completely discombobulated by Dr. Brelinski's quiz questions)
paradigm
a model; an example (1) I'm the very paradigm of virtue 2) You need to break free from this simplistic paradigm in which you are stuck)
scintilla
trace amount (You don't have a scintilla of evidence to back up your accusations)
lurid
causing shock or horror; glowing like fire through a haze (1) It was a lurid tale of violence and betrayal 2) The light from the fire cast a lurid glow on everything)
Did the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) people leave any writing for us to discover their language?
no, they left no written records, so their existence is inferred from studying the languages that descended from theirs
How did we discover this language?
-around 1500, Europeans started traveling regularly to India--> they noticed similarities between Indian languages and Greek and Latin
-by 1800, it was apparent that Greek, Latin, and Sanskirt had all developed from a common ancestor; and that many other languages had a common ancestor
How did Latin and the Romance languages help us in this discovery?
since Europeans knew that Latin was the parent language and romance languages were its descendants, they were able to recognize that PIE was the parent language to all of the languages
How are Latin and the Romance languages related?
Romance languages developed from Latin
What was the classical language of India?
Sanskrit
How did the European encounter with this language contribute to the discovery of PIE?
realized that European and Indian languages had commonalities, and furthermore had developed from the same common ancestor
In which current country do most scholars think the first speakers of PIE originally lived?
Ukraine
What does cognate literally mean?
born together (words that have a common ancestor)
What's the difference between a cognate and a derivative/borrowing?
cognate=word that has a common origin or etymology with another word in a different language
derivative/borrowing=new word that is made based on an already existing word