organelles a tiny part of a cell that carries out a specific function

nucleus "brain of cell"

helps control cell activities

contains DNA

cytoplasm the portion of the cell outside the nucleus where most chemical reactions take place

contains all the organelles

mitochondria creates energy (ATP)

the "powerhouse" of the cell

increases surface area for energy production during cellular respiration

ribosomes protein-making "factory"

synthesizes proteins for the cell

centrioles help separate the chromosomes during cell division

ONLY FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS

cell wall rigid structure used to support and protect PLANTS & PROKARYOTIC cells

made of CELLULOSE

cell membrane LIPID BILAYER (2 layers of lipids - phosopholipids!): boundary that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves.

MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS

also known as “plasma membrane”

vacuole membrane bound sac that stores food, water, and waste

1 LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLE IN PLANTS

animals have SMALL VACUOLES

chloroplasts PLANTS ONLY

PRODUCES FOOD (GLUCOSE) through PHOTOSYNTHESIS

lysosome digest/break down old cells or cell parts

contains ENZYMES to break down materials

"cleans" the cell (like LYSOL is a cleaning material)

golgi apparatus modify & package proteins

endoplasmic reticulum very long, highly folded membrane found just outside the nucleus

TRANSPORTS PROTEINS

types of endoplasmic reticulum SMOOTH: NO RIBOSOMES

ROUGH: ribosomes attached & connected to the nuclear membrane

synthesizes lipids

detoxifies alcohol and drugs

transports materials throughout the cell and produces proteins

cytoskeleton provides shape and support to the cell (FORM = FUNCTION)

flagellum involved in movement (LOCOMOTION)

mostly found in prokaryotes

plasmid a small circular form of bacterial DNA

separate from the main DNA and replicate separately

contractile vacuole controls the amount of water inside the cell by squeezing out excess

eyespot organelle that senses light and light intensity

influences the organism to move TOWARD or AWAY from the light

pseudopods a temporary, foot like extension of a cell used for locomotion or engulfing food

cillia little things on the outside (usually) of the cell that are involved in movement