AHS-102 Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Chapter 6

lymphatic system

network of vessels that picks up excess tissue fluid and absorbed fats

immune system

fights disease and infections

lymphatic and immune organs

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils

adenoid/o

adenoids (cf)

axill/o

axilla or underarm (cf)

immun/o

protection (cf)

inguin/o

groin region (cf)

lymph/o

lymph (cf)

lymphaden/o

lymph node (cf)

lymphangi/o

lymph vessel (cf)

nucle/o

nucleus (cf)

splen/o

spleen (cf)

thym/o

thymus (cf)

tonsill/o

tonsils (cf)

\-edema

swelling (s)

\-globulin

protein (s)

\-phage

to eat (s)

\-toxic

pertaining to poison (s)

lymphatic vessels

network of ducts, low pressure system that uses valves to prevent backflow, begin as capillaries, drain into lymphatic ducts

lymph nodes

house lymphocytes and antibodies and cell debris, trap and destroy cells from tumors, concentrated in several body regions,

tonsils

collection of lymphatic tissue on each side of throat, act as filters, not essential

3 sets of tonsils

palatine, pharyngeal, lingual

spleen

LUQ, lymphatic tissue w/ blood vessels that spread out, destroys old RBCs, recycles iron, stores blood, not essential

thymus gland

upper portion of mediastinum, essential for immune development, secretes thymosin, active through adolescence

natural immunity

non-specific, doesn’t require prior pathogen exposure

acquired immunity

body’s response to a specific pathogen and may be passive or active

passive acquired immunity

results when a person receives protective substances produced by another human or animal

active acquired immunity

following direct exposure to a pathogen

immunizations

create active immunity, contain weakened or modified pathogens

humoral immunity

production of B lymphocytes or B cells

cellular immunity

production of T cells and natural killer cells

Nosocomial infections

aquired in the hospital and take several forms

cross-infection

a pathogen is aquired from another person

reinfection

a person becomes infected again with the same pathogen

self-inoculation

a pathogen spreads frome one body site to another

conjuctiv/o

conjuctiva (cf)

cortic/o

outer layer (cf)

myel/o

bone marrow (cf)

nas/o, rhin/o

nose (cf)

path/o

disease (cf)

pneumon/o

lung (cf)

sarc/o

flesh (cf)

\-al, -ar, -ary, -atic, -ic

pertaining to (s)

\-ectomy

surgical removal (s)

\-gram

record (s)

\-graphy

process of recording (s)

\-ia

condition (s)

\-iasis, -osis

abnormal condition (s)

\-itis

inflammation (s)

\-logy

study of (s)

\-megaly

enlarged (s)

\-oma

tumor (s)

\-pathy

disease (s)

\-therapy

treatment (s)

anti-

against (p)

auto-

self (p)

mono-

one (p)

allergist

a physician who specializes in testing for and treating allergies

hives

appearance of wheals as part of an allergic reaction

inflammation

tissues’ response to injury; includes redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to touch

lymphedema

edema in the extremities due to an obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels

splenomegaly

an enlarged spleen

urticaria

sever itching associated with hives

allergic asthma

inflammation and narrowing of airways

allergic conjuctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva

allergic rhinitis

reaction caused by inhaling an allergen

anaphylactic shock

sever allergic reaction; circulatory and respiratory problems occur; anaphylaxis

contact dermatitis

irritation caused by skin coming in direct contact with an allergen

autoimmune disease

disease resulting from immne system attacking its own body

elephantiasis

inflammation and obstruction of lymph vessels

Hodgkin’s disease (HD)

cancer of lymphatic cells found in concentration in lymph nodes

mononucleosis (mono)

acute viral infection with a large number of atypical lymphocytes

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

defect in cell-mediated immunity; final stages of HIV

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

early stage of AIDS

grafte versus host disease (GVHD)

complication of bone marrow transplant; immune cells from donor marrow attack recipient’s body

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

causes AIDS; known as retrovirus

immunocompromised

immune system doesn’t function properly; also called immunodeficiency disorder

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)

skin cancer in AIDS patients; brown-purple skin lesions

multiple myeloma

cancer that originates in plasma cells; over time, malignant cells collect in the bone marrow

opportunistic infection

infection appearing in an immunocompromised person

sarcoidosis

autoimmune disease; forms fibrous lesions in multiple organs of body

severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCIDS)

genetic; individuals are born w/o functioning immune system

carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE)

infection by group of bacteria with resistane to antibiotics called carbapenems; occurs in healthcare settings

Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection

causes inflammation of colon

methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA) infection

infection with bacteria resistanct to many common antibiotics; spread through contact with contaminated surfaces

antinuclear antibody test (ANA)

blood test to diagnose autoimmune disease

HIV antigen/antibody immunoassay

blood test for HIV that detects both HIV antigens and antibodies

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

images of soft tissues created when using electromagnetic energy

antihistamine

blocks effects of histamine released during allergic reaction

corticosteroids

anti-inflammatory hormones

immuno-suppressants

prevent rejection of organs

protease inhibitor drugs

an enzyme needed for viruses to reproduce

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (a)

ANA

antinuclear antibody (a)

ARC

aids-related complex (a)