Biochemistry L8 Classification of Living Things

1. What are the four biological macromolecules that make up living things?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

2. What are the four most common elements in living things?

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N)

3. What is the most important element in living things?

Carbon (C)

5. What is the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms called?

Taxonomy

8. What are the three domains of living things?

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

9. What are the five kingdoms of living things?

Monera (split into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

10. What is the hierarchy of taxonomic groups from broadest to most specific?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

11. What is the mnemonic for remembering the taxonomic hierarchy?

Dumb King Phillip Came Over For Ginger Soup

12. What is the modern system of naming organisms called?

Binomial nomenclature

13. How is binomial nomenclature written?

Two words (genus & species), italicized, genus capitalized, species lowercase

14. What language is used in binomial nomenclature?

Latin or Greek

15. What are the characteristics of Domain Archaea?

Prokaryotes, extreme environments, biochemically distinct from bacteria

16. Where are Archaebacteria commonly found?

Volcanoes, hot springs, salty lakes, acidic environments

17. What is the kingdom under Domain Bacteria?

Eubacteria

18. What are the characteristics of prokaryotes?

Lack membrane-bound nucleus and organelles

19. What does the word "prokaryote" mean?

"Before nucleus" (pro = before, karyon = nucleus)

20. Where can bacteria be found?

Practically every environment on Earth

21. What are the kingdoms under Domain Eukarya?

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

22. What pigment do plants contain for photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll

23. What are autotrophs?

Organisms that synthesize their own food from simple inorganic substances

24. What gas do plants release during photosynthesis?

Oxygen

25. What are the two main groups of plants?

Flowering and Non-flowering

26. What are the characteristics of Kingdom Animalia?

Multicellular heterotrophs, capable of rapid movement

27. What are heterotrophs?

Organisms that depend on complex organic substances for nutrition

28. What are the two main groups of animals?

Vertebrates and Invertebrates

29. What are examples of Kingdom Fungi?

Mould, mushroom, yeast

30. What are the unique features of fungi?

Hyphae and mycelium (furry appearance)

31. How do fungi obtain nutrients?

Secrete enzymes to digest food externally, then absorb nutrients

32. Can fungi photosynthesize?

No

33. Are fungi motile?

No (non-motile)

34. What is the most diverse kingdom in Domain Eukarya?

Protista

35. What environments do protists live in?

Any environment with liquid water

36. What are the three types of protists?

Plant-like (algae), Animal-like (protozoa), Fungal-like (slime/water molds)

39. What is an example of an animal-like protist?

Amoeba, Plasmodium (causes malaria)

40. What is the vector for Plasmodium falciparum?

Anopheles mosquito

41. What are the life stages of Plasmodium in humans?

Sporozoites (injected by mosquito), then infects red blood cells

42. What is the silica-walled protist?

Diatoms

43. What is the source of agar?

Red algae

44. What protist has a red eye spot to detect light?

Chlamydomonas (green algae)

46. How do scientists communicate about the same organism?

Using standardized taxonomy and binomial nomenclature

47. Why is classification of living things important?

To study biodiversity and communicate accurately about organisms

48. How long would it take to study all known species at one per day?

Over 5000 years

50. How are Archaebacteria genetically different from bacteria?

More closely related to eukaryotes biochemically and genetically