Cell Structure

What are two types of eukaryotic cell?

Animals and plants

What type of cells are prokaryotic?

Bacteria

Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?

The nucleus

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

What is the function of mitochondria?

Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Enables production of proteins (protein sythesis)

What is the function of a cell wall?

Strengthens and supports the cell

What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cells?

A sigle loop of DNA

What are the main differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

• Prokaryotic cells are smaller that eukaryotic cells

• Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus

• Prokayotic cells have DNA free in the cytoplasm and also have plasmids

• Prokaryotic cells sometimes have a flagellum

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes?

• Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light

• Electron microscopes cannot be used to view living samples

• Electron microscopes are much more expensive

• Electron microscopes have a much higher magnifcation and resolution

How to calculate the magnification of an image?

image size/actual size

What is resolution?

The resolution of a device is the smallest change that the device can measure

What is the function of a red blood cell?

Carries oxygen around the body

Give three adaptions of a red blood cells

• No nuclues

• Contains a red pigment called haemoglobin

• Has a bi-concave disk shape

What is the function of a nerve cell?

Carries electrical impulses around the body

Give two adaptations of a nerve cell?

• Branched endings

• Myelin sheath insulates the axon

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Fertilises an ovum (egg)

Give two adaptations of a sperm cell

• It has a tail

• It has lots of mitochondria

What is the function of a palisade cell?

• Lots of chloroplasts

• Located at the top surface of the leaf

What is the function of the root hair cell?

Absorbs minerals and water from the soil

Give two adaptations of the root hair cell

• Long projection

• Lots of mitochondria