Geography Znotes Case studies

flashcards for all case studies

Ant-Natalist Policy: Chinas one child Policy

• Intro

• Marriage

• Couple

• Conformity

• Introduced in 1979 by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping to limit population growth

• Marriageable age for

  • men; 22

  • women; 20

• Couples had to apply to get married, and again for a child

If they conformed:

1. free education

2. priority housing

3. family benefits

If they didn’t conform:

1. no benefits

2. fined heavily

3. women pregnant for a 2nd time had to get forced abortions

4. persistent offenders sterilized

Ant-Natalist Policy: Chinas one child Policy

• Exception

• Achievement Policy

Exception:

• 2nd child allowed if 1st was mentally/physical handicapped or died

• farmers could have 2 children if 1st was a girl

• in rural areas, 2nd child allowed on payment of fine/bribe

• policy did not apply to the 56 ethnic minority groups

Achievement of policy:

• birth rate fell from 31 to 19 in 20 years

• the fertility rate has fallen to 1.7 births per woman

• reduced severity of problems that come with overpopulation

Pro-Natalist Policy: Italy

• Fertility

• Birth rate

• Yuppiedom

• Problems

• Solutions

• Low fertility rates of 1.33 children per family

• Italy has long had a problem with declining birth rates

• Yuppiedom - preference for luxury goods delays marriage and babies

Problems:

1. Women do not want to interrupt career to have children - slows down birth rate

2. High fees charged by nurseries

3. Shortage of affordable housing for young people - making them decide more towards not having children

Solutions:

1. Italian government offers a one-time payment of 1000 euros to couples who have a 2nd child

HIV/AIDS: Botswana

• pop. living

• Policy

• prevention program

→ In 2005, 24.1% of total population living with HIV/AIDS

Policy:

1. (1987-89) screening of blood to eliminate the risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion.

2. ((1989-97) information, education and communication programs

3. (1997 onwards) education, prevention and comprehensive care including the provision of treatment for 19,000 people.

HIV Prevention program included:

1. condom distribution

2. public education and awareness

3. education of youth

4. improvement of safety for blood transfusion