Poole Animalia

what is a coelem (simple)

body cavity

what is a coelem (complex)

a fluid filled space seperating the digestive tract from the outer body wall

acoelomate

no body cavity

example of an acoelomate

tapeworms

Pseudocoelomate

nematodes, round and looks like would have a body cavity, but no inner attachment

coelomate

phylym annelida (earthworms) and more sophisticated phyla above it

protostome development-

when the blastula "punches in" that becomes the mouth

deuterostome development-

when the blastula "punches in" the mouth develops secondarily

where is protostome development seen

some cnidarians up to phylum anthropoda

where is deuterostome development seen

echinoderms and chordates

what is the lowest form of animal life

phylum porifera (sponges)

what is in phylum porifera

sponges

sessile

attached at a base and remain so throughout life

can porifera larvae swim\>

yes

where does internal fertilization occur in sponges

cells surrounding the ostia

where does the zygote develop in sponges

cells surrounding the ostia

where are the zygotes expelled from

the osculum into the water

how many cell layers do sponges have

2

what are the names of the layers of sponges

ectoderm and endoderm

does a sponge have nervous tissue?

no

does a sponge have respiratory systems?

no

does a sponge have excretory systems

no

how are sponge's oxygen needs and liquid waste removal take care of

by the huge amounts of water moving through their system

what is Grantia

the genus of the sponge drawn on the board that was hollow inside

what is the Osculum

water exits here.

Where do sperm and larva exit in in a sponge?

osculum

what is Ostia

incurrent pore

what is Gemmule

asexual byd that forms on the outside. But is also the name of a structure that forms when environmental conditions are unfavorable

what are spicules

skeletal system composed of calcium carbonate

what are choanocytes

have flagella, fertiliziation occurs here

where does fertilization in a sponge occur

choanocytes

what are also called wandering cells

amoebocytes

what are amoebacytes

can move between the two cell layers.

what are the purposes of amoebocytes

digest food, produce gamtes, and other miscellanous

what phylum was previously known as Coelenterata

Phylum Cnidaria

what are the body plans of cnidaria

medusa and polyp

do medusas and polyps have a GVC

yes

where is food digested in cnidarians

GVC

do animals in phylum cnidaria have nervous tissue

some is present

how many layers are in a cnidaria

3

what layer is added in cnidarians that is different than sponges

mesoderm

does a hydra have a nerve net

yes

where is the nerve net in hydras

around the mouth

what is the nerve net name in medusa form

rhopalia

where is the rhopalia located\>

surrounding the rim of the jellyfish float

how many types of cells do rhopalia have

2

what are the 2 cell types in rhopalia

ocelli and statocysts

what is the function of ocelli

light detection

what is the function of statocysts

for balance

what is the major characteristic of Phylum Cnidaria

Nematocysts

what are nematocysts?

stinging cells

where are the nematocysts located?

in the tentacles

what is the toxin in nematocysts

neurotoxin

what does the stinging cells affect

the nervous system

what is coiled inside of the cnidocyte

cnidocil

what is the triggering structure in cnidarians

cnidocil

what happens if the cnidocil is touched

they release the coiled nematocyst

can beached jellyfish release nematocysts if stepped on

yes

what are the three classes of cnidarians

Class Hydrozoa

Class Scyphozoa

Class Anthozoa

is a hydra a polyp or medusa

polyp

how does a hydra swim?

by somersalting

example of class hydrozoa

Portuguese man-o-war and hydra

what happens if the tentacles of class hydrozoa encounter something

will depres the cnidocil, releasing the nematocyst

how do hydras get food?

they sting their prey with their tentacles and moves the prey toward their mouth, forcing the object into the GVC

How is food digested in hydras

by the enzymes that line the GVC

how is waste material eliminated in hydras

back out through the mouth, there is no other opening

what is the scientific name for the Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish

Physalia physalis

how many types of cells are in a portuguese man of war jellyfish

4 types working as a whole

what types of strucutres are portuguese man of wars (hint: there are 2)

polyp and medusa

name the cell types in portuguese man of war jelllyfish

pneumatophore, dactylazoid, Gastrozids, Gonozoids

what is the purpose of pnematophores in portuguese man of war jellyfish

is the float

what is maximum size of the float of portuguese man of war jellyfish

8-12 inches

what is the purpose of dactlazoid

contains the nematocysts

what is the purpose of gastrozoids

feeding polyps. These "stud" a fish that is overcome with the toxin and digest tiny portions insiede the many gastrozoids located on the tentacles.

What is the maximum length of the tentacles in portuguese man of war jellyfish

60 feet

what is the purpose of gonozoids

control reproduction, though this has not been observed in captivity

the portuguese man of war jellyfish has a mutualistic relationship with what other animal

nomeus fish

how does the nomeus fish help the portuguese man of war jellyfish

the nomeus lures bigger fish into what appears from underwater to be a "forest of seaweed", the tentacles of the man-of-war , and it is overcome with the deadly toxins.

what is the reward for the nomeus fish with a portuguese man of war jellyfish

the nomeus gets the 'leftovers' of the food

what is the one enemy of the portuguese man of war jellyfish

Loggerhead turtle

why are loggerhead turtles the enemy of the portuguese man of war jellyfish

they have been observed gulping their way through a group of the portuguese man of war jellyfish with their eyes swollen shut

is the loggerhead turtle big or small

big

does the portuguese man of war jellyfish have a rhopalia?\`

no

can portuguese man of war jellyfish control movement in water

no

Is the class anthozoa sessile or motile

sessile

what do coral polyps have making up their 'skeleton'

calcium carbonate

how big are the coral polyps in class anthozoa

about a quarter of an inch in size

when coral polyps die, what is deposited

CaCO3

what do new polyps grow on top of

dead polyps and their deposited CaCO3

do coral reefs grow gradually or quickly

gradually

Coral has a mutualistic relationship with?

algae

what do algae and coral polyps get from each other

a safe place to grow within the GVC of the coral and the oxygen it gives off satisfies the respiratory requirements of the coral

what is the restriction of coral and algae relationship?

it can only grow as far as light penetrates ( 50-70 ft)

Fringing or marginal reef

closer to shore, usually about 2 miles

atoll reef

completly surrounds an island, leaving a lagoon

barrier reef

farther out from shore, 20-200 miles.

Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?

off the northeastern coast of Australia

what is the largest structure ever constructed by "man or beast"

great barrier reef