IB Biology HL Vocab Unit 1

Supercoiling

Refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand

Pluripotent

They can become any cell in the body

Proteins that dictate the cellular replication process

Ribosomes

Organelle responsible for protein synthesis

Lysogenic Cycle

Form of viral reproduction in which the viral genome is integrated into the hosts genome

Sister chromatids

2 identical copies of DNA formed during DNA replication

Centromere

The attachment point on a chromosome for the microtubules

Reproduction

Creating offspring

Bilayer

Double layer of closely packed atoms or molecules

Lytic Cycle

Form of viral reproduction which results in the destruction of the infected cell

Pluripotent cells which are capable of indefinitely giving rise to more cells of differing types.

Cell proliferation

An increase in the number of cells as a result of cell growth and cell division.

Osmosis

Movement of water in a semipermeable membrane

Membrane enclosing DNA in a cell

Integral Protein

A type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to a membrane

Cisternae

Flattened membrane vesicle found in the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus

Clathrin

Molecular scaffold for vesicular uptake of cargo at the plasma membrane

Endocytosis

Cellular process in which things are brought inside of a cell

Cholesterol

Structural membrane lipid that is also used to synthesize many hormones

Exocytosis

Cellular process in which things are taken out of a cell

Compartmentalization

The separation of different areas of a cell by utilizing

Mitochondrion

Organelle that utilizes aerobic respiration for ATP synthesis

Vesicles

Structure within a cell consisting a liquid which is enclosed by a lipid bilayer

Stem cells

Cells that can only give rise to cells like themselves

Response

Detecting changes in the environment and responding to them

Mutagen

An agent that causes a genetic mutation

Homeostasis

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

Ultrastructure

Fine structures that can only be seen with the high magnification of an electron microscope

Cell differentiation

Changes that take place in cells as they develop

Glycocalyx

Outside layer of glycoproteins and glycolipids which helps in cell to cell recognition and allows cells to bind to each other

Chloroplast

Organelle that utilizes photosynthesis to create simple sugars

Aquaporins

Integral protein used to move water

Symbiosis

A mutually beneficial relationship between 2 different

organisms

Heterochromatin

DNA packaged in a thread like structure

Cell plate

A structure that forms when the cytoplasm of a plant cell

divides

Multipotent

Give rise to only one group of cells

Emergent properties

Characteristics that arise from the interaction of component

parts of a complex structure

Peripheral protein

A type of membrane protein that binds to a membrane temporarily

Chromatin

DNA packaged in a condensed form

Amphipathic

Having both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic part

Totipotent

They can become any cell in the body, which include extra

embryonic tissues

Metabolism

Sum of all chemical reactions in a body

Endosymbiosis

A symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside the

other

Euchromatin

DNA packaged in an expanded and accessible form