ap world unit 3 - land based empires

osman

founder of ottoman empire

military

ottomans grew through _________ campaigns and gunpowder

16th

ottomans peaked at ____ century

suleiman the magnificent

was the leader during the peak of ottomans, he had many cultural achievements

ottoman

_____________ empire had islamic law and local customs to makea unique legal system

constantinople

capital of ottoman empire

ottoman empire

muslim empire, europe asia africa, from 13-20th century, ended after WW1 due to nationalism

jannissary

a young christian boy who was force drafted from the Balkans; this was est. by murad I; families felt pride knowing their son got into the jannisary; A member of an elite force of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire.

millet system

Divided regions in the Ottoman Empire by religion (Orthodox Christians, Jews, Armenian Christians, Muslims). Leaders of each millet supported the Sultan in exchange for power over their millet; allowed autonomy, independent court of law to their religious law, led by own religious figure, was a good thing for minorities

sultan

ruler in an empire (seen in ottomans), absolute political and religious authority; can be used for any muslim rulers

devshirme

the system for jannissary corps, where christian boys are converted ti islam and trained

iltizam

ottoman tax farming: gov't auctioned the right to collect taxes in specific regions, whoever bids the most would control the taxes in the area (and gain profit)

ottoman empire

which empire is associated with these words: islam, constantinople, suleiman, osman, rich culture in arts and music, expansive, jannissaries, devshirme, iltizam, millet system, became decentralized and didn't industrialize on time--> the fall of the empire due to nationalism of ethnic minority groups

safavid empire

persian state; Turkish-ruled Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state.

ismail

founder of safavid empire, and declared shi ism as state religion (separate from sunni neighbors)

abbas I

the leader of safavid when it was at its peak; this was due to military, trade, territory

shah mosque

A beautiful example of Safavid architecture is the _____ __________ ; also legitimized rule

safavids

____________ fought with the ottomans due to religious but MOSTLY territorial disputes; opposing islam religions

18th

in the ____ century, safavids declined due to internal conflict, economics, and afghan tribes

shia

____ islam allowed safavids to legitimize rule, unitify religious identity, loyalty among subjects (same with sunni islam and ottomans )

abbas

shah ______ restructured military, expanded territory into iraq and georgia, and promoted the arts; isfanan as a cultural hub too

shah

monarch title, absolute authority + right to rule (seen in safavids)

ming dynasty

Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.

ming

this dynasty was known for maritome exploration, restored han rule after the yuan dynasty, and was stable+prospering

ming

this dynasty was a high point in chinese history, art, lit, and tech

centralized gov't

this type of gov't was present in the ming dynasty

bureacratic

ming dynasty had a ____________ system based on confucian ideals

safavid empire

this empire is associated with these words: persian, shia islam, abbas I, shah mosque, at war with ottomans a lot, promoted the arts, isfahan as capital, trade

forbidden city

this was constructed during ming dynasty, legitimized power and authority

confucianism

this religion was promoted by ming

civil service exam

this test was brought back by ming dynasty and established that education was a high priority

zheng he

An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa; after he died, voyages deemed useless

meritocracy

a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement; EDUCATIOn and intelligence

wealth

_____ was not emphasized as much in ming dynasty, but moral governance was

scholars

_______ sat at the top positions in the ming dynasty

great wall of china

this long wall was semi-built by mings to protect from nomads

qing dynasty

(1644-1911 CE), the last imperial dynasty of China which was overthrown by revolutionaries; was ruled by the Manchu people: began to isolate themselves from Western culture,

qing dynasty

this dynasty is known for territorial expansion, modernization, industrialization

ming dynasty

this dynasty is associated with: confucianism, civil service, meritocracy, bureacracy, centralized gov't, prosperity, han rule, trade in silk road, forbidden city, naval capabilities, zheng he, education

manchu

the _______ ruled the qing dynasty (they were mongol)

qing dynasty

this dynasty is associated with: modernization, industrialization, manchu, xinjiang/tibet/taiwan incorporation, population growth, taiping rebellion, opium war, last dynasty, corruption

mughal empire

an Islamic imperial power that ruled a large portion of Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of Hindustan (South Asia) by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century.

akbar

was the leader during the peak of mughals

babur

established the mughal empire

taj mahal

beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife; showed legitimization of authority and rule

jizya tax

tax on non-muslims; was abolished by mughal

centralized gov't

mughals had a __________ _____-

provincial government

Government dealing with the concerns of the province

british

this country was a colonial power impacting the mughals,

din-i illahi

Religion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of the many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindus and Muslims in India, but FAILED.

akbar

this leader of mughals was very religiously tolerant

shah jahan

5th emperor of mughals, he commissioned taj mahal a big cultural achievement

mughal empire

this empire is associated with: akbar the great, religious tolerance, hindu/islam schism, india, taj mahal, centralized gov't, indian trade network control, british colonial power, shah jahan

the reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

luther

The founder of Protestantism whose religion, based on 95 Theses, rejected Catholic orthodoxy, the sale of indulgences, and papal authority.

calvin

a "follower" of luther, but took it to the next level; he contributed to the reformation, but believed in pre-destiniation, super disciplined lifestyle with no fun

peace of westphalia

the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648

thirty years war

Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire ends with peace of westpahlia.1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.

printing press

15th century invention which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself; reformation helper, led to bible prints

vernacular language

the language commonly spoken by people in a particular country or region

secularism

A doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations.

sale of indulgences

people paying money to the Church to absolve their sins or sins of their loved ones

counter reformation

this was the church response to reformation; the church aimed to reform internal issues, counteract protestantism

black death

this plague led people to believe in luther, because the priests were dying and people questioned everything

inquisition

A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s; punished nonbelieves, tortured people; part of the counter reformation

jesuits

Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism; OPPOSED luther

council of trent

Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend; aimed at correcting abuse, education to priests, and banned books

empiricism

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

reformation

this associates with these words: luther, calvin, protestant, 95 theses, printing press, catholic church, 30 years war, 16th century, inquisition, council of trent, counter reformation

peasants

unit 3 has a trend wehre there is harsh financial burdens on _________

zamindar system

Under Mughal rule, this group was the noble ruling class. Many were Indian princes who lost their sovereignty under British rule. ;

Mugal Empire's tax collection system using local landowners

caliph

this title was seen as successor of the prophet, used by islamic empires, legitimized authority

divine right

this was used to legitimize euro authority

tokugawa japan

the final period of traditional Japan during the time period of 1603-1867, founded by Tokugawa Leyasu, Shoguns.

feudal regime

this was found in tokuwaga japan

tokuwaga japan

this is associated with: feudal regime, centralized military, isolationsim, stbaility, strict hierarchy, urbanization, merchants in Edo, confucianism

meiji restoration

The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism.

samurai

Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.

sankin-kotai

A yearly rotation to Tokyo (Edo) to control the nobles; make sure the nobles don't rebel with their samurais

period of great peace

Change in Samurai role; period of time in Japan in which everything was stable and peaceful; samurais didn't do much cus there wasnothing to do

absolutism

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.); 1500s-1600s

phillip II

DEFENDER OF CATHOLIC FAITH; one of the Spanish Hapsburgs. the MOST powerful monarch in Spanish history. In 1580, he seized Portugal. he felt Portugal belonged to him because the king of Portugal was his uncle and when his uncle died without an heir to the throne, he took control of Portugal.

spanish armada

The great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588; defeated by the terrible winds and fire ships.

Edict of Nantes

1598 - Granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship.

mansabdari

The military unit of administrative government created by Shah Akbar the Great of the Mughal Empire in 1571

a non-hereditary system of military-style rankings or gradings within the Mughal bureaucracy.

Louis XIV

sun king/narcissitic king; The MOST powerful of the Bourbon Monarchs.

1450-1750

timeline of unit 3

centralized government

A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject

consolidating power

The method rulers use to transfer power from other groups to themselves.

calvinism

Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born). Calvinists supported constitutional representative government and the separation of church and state.

Qianlong, 18th

Qing Dynasty Reached its territorial peak during the reign of the _________ Emperor in the ____ century

internal

Empires exploited ________ weaknesses and conflicts within rival states to expand their influence

siberia

Russian Empire's conquest of _________ was fueled by the fur trade and access to valuable minerals

bureaucracies

Empires developed centralized ___________ to govern their vast territories effectively

boyars

Russian tsars relied on a system of ________ (nobility) to administer their territories

boyars

Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts

zenana

mughal empire's women's quarters

zenana

Mughal Empire's _________ (women's quarters) exemplified gender segregation in elite households

madrasa

A school for the study of Muslim law and religious science

legitimizing

Russian Orthodox Church had close ties to the tsarist state and had a big role in __________________ the ruler's authority