Instrument ground lesson 1 Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes for instrument flying focusing on vocabulary, risk management, and instrument procedures.

PAVE Checklist

A pre-flight risk assessment tool for pilots: Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, and External Pressures.

DECIDE Model

A six-step process for pilots to logically make good aeronautical decisions: Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, and Evaluate.

Scud Running

Attempting to fly lower underneath the clouds while maintaining visual contact with the surface; a dangerous operational pitfall.

VFR into IMC

A hazardous situation where a VFR pilot flies into Instrument Meteorological Conditions, leading to spatial disorientation and potential collision. Average lifespan of VFR pilot is 2 minutes.

Lost Awareness

A situation where a pilot loses awareness of their position or the aircraft's attitude.

3P Model

A risk management process involving: Perceive, Process, and Perform to assess and mitigate risks during flight.

Hazard

A present condition, event, object, or circumstance that could lead to or contribute to an unplanned or undesired event, such as an accident.

Risk

The future impact of a hazard that is not controlled or eliminated.

Risk Assessment Matrix

A tool used to differentiate between low and high risks based on severity (catastrophic to negligible) and likelihood (probable to improbable).

Total Risk

The sum of identified and unidentified risks associated with a flight.

Residual Risk

The risk that remains after all safety efforts have been employed.

Advisory Circulars

Non-regulatory information provided by the FAA to help pilots comply with regulations and offer guidance on best practices.

Human Error

Improper human performance is the primary cause in majority of aviation accidents.

Traits of Accident Prone Pilots

Disregard for rules, poor driving records, thrill-seeking behavior, impulsivity, and underutilization of resources.

Five Hazardous Attitudes

Psychological predispositions that can contribute to poor decision-making: Anti-authority, Impulsivity, Invulnerability, Macho, and Resignation.

I'M SAFE Checklist

A self-assessment tool used by pilots to evaluate their fitness for flight: Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, and Emotions.

SRM (Single Pilot Resource Management)

The art of managing all available resources, both onboard and external, to ensure a successful flight as a single pilot.

Five P Checklist

A tool for single pilots to understand and use SRM principles in daily flights involving: Plan, Plane, Pilot, Passengers, Programming.

Fundamental Skills of Instrument Flying

Instrument cross-check, instrument interpretation, and aircraft control.

Instrument Cross-Check

The continuous and logical observation of instruments for attitude and performance information.

Instrument Interpretation

Thorough study and analysis of flight instruments to understand the aircraft's performance and attitude.

Aircraft Control

Maintaining desired flight parameters by manipulating the aircraft's controls based on instrument indications.

Control and Performance Method

Aircraft attitude is accomplished by controlling the aircraft attitude and power output.

Primary and Supporting Method

Extension of the control and performance method which focuses more on the instruments that depict the most accurate information for the aspect of the aircraft attitude being controlled.

W&B

Pilots should be familiar with the appropriate terms regarding weight and balance

Adverse effect due to Excessive Weight

Reduces flight performances in almost every respect. For example, the most important performance deficiencies of an overloaded aircraft are higher takeoff speeds, longer takeoff runs, reduced climb rates, lower max altitude, shorter max range, slower cruise speeds, reduced maneuverability, higher stall speeds, higher landing speeds, and longer landing rolls.

Effects On Performance- Balance Control- Forward CG

Results in longer takeoff rolls, longer landing rolls, higher stall speeds, easier stall recovery, and decreased cruising speed.

Effects On Performance- Balance Control- Aft CG

Results in lower stall speed, reduced elevator authority, difficult stall recovery, faster cruising speeds.

NW KRAFT

Acronym used to aid in preflight planning: NOTAMS, Weather, Known ATC delays, Runway lengths, Alternate airports, Fuel requirements, Takeoff and landing distances.

CRAFT

Acronym for items included in IFR clearance: Clearance limit, Route of flight, Altitude, Frequency, Transponder code.

BD MONA

A way to remember compass errors; Variation, Deviation, Magnetic Dip, Oscillation, Northerly turning errors, and Acceleration errors.

ANDS

Accelerate North, Decelerate South; compass heading changes during acceleration or deceleration on east or west headings.

UNOS

Turning errors; Undershoot North, Overshoot South; on north and south headings