savanh until ocean zones

What are savannas?

Tropical or subtropical grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs.

How does the rainfall in savannas compare to deserts and tropical rain forests?

Savannas receive more rainfall than deserts, but less than tropical rain forests.

What characterizes savannas in terms of weather?

Alternating wet and dry seasons.

Like temperate grasslands, what do savannas support?

Large numbers of herbivores.

What are examples of herbivores found in savannas?

Zebras, wildebeest, giraffes, and gazelles.

What kinds of large carnivores are found in savannas, and what do they feed on?

Lions, leopards, and cheetahs feed on these herbivores.

When does most of the rain fall in the savanna?

During the wet season.

Why must plants and animals of the savanna be able to deal with prolonged drought?

Because most of the rain falls during the wet season.

What do some trees of the savanna do during the dry season?

Shed their leaves to conserve water.

What happens to the above-ground parts of grasses during the dry season?

They often die and regenerate after a period of rain.

What is the savanna biome rich in?

Wildlife, where great herds of large herbivores exist.

Why does the savanna support many large carnivores?

Because of the large number of herbivores.

What kind of climate does a savanna have?

Only two seasons—wet and dry.

There adaptations?

The plants and animals must be adapted to the drought

Shed their leaves

The top parts of grassrs often die during the dry seasons and regenerate after a period of rain

What are tropical rain forests characterized by?

Tall trees.

What makes the tropical rain forest the most productive biome? Where are they located?

A stable, year-round growing season and abundant rainfall.

Near the equator

Why is competition for light intense in the tropical rain forest?

Most of the plants are trees.

How tall have some trees in tropical rain forests evolved to grow?

As tall as 50 to 60 m.

What do the treetops form in tropical rain forests?

A continuous layer, called the canopy.

What does the canopy do?

It shades the forest floor.

Why is the forest floor relatively free of vegetation?

Because so little sunlight reaches the ground.

Where does the very dense growth known as jungle usually occur?

Along riverbanks and in disrupted areas where sunlight can reach the forest floor.

What are epiphytes?

Small plants that do not get enough light on the forest floor and often live on the branches of tall trees.

Where do epiphytes grow? Which include?

On the branches of tall trees.

Mosses and orchids

Are epiphytes parasitic?

No, because they make their own food.

What do mosses and orchids use as support?

Other organisms.

What biome has the highest species richness of all the biomes?

Tropical rain forests.

How many tree species may one hectare of tropical rain forest contain?

As many as 300 species.

How many tree species might a temperate deciduous forest of the same size contain?

Fewer than 10 species.

How diverse is animal life in tropical rain forests?

Very diverse.

What is a rain forest mammal mentioned in the book?

The sloth.

What colorful birds live in tropical rain forests?

Parrots and toucans.

What other animals are part of the tropical rain forest biome?

Many kinds of monkeys, a variety of snakes and lizards.

What group of animals is particularly diverse in tropical rain forests?

Insects.

How many species of tree-dwelling beetles may exist in the tropical rain forest biome?

More than 8 million species.

What proportion of the world’s known species are probably found in tropical rain forests?

About one-fifth.

How is animal life in the rain forest described?

As diverse as plant life.

What two organisms reflect rain forest diversity?

The epiphyte and the three-toed sloth.

What percentage of Earth's surface does the ocean cover?

nitrogen fixing bacteria turns nitrogen into?

what adds carbon xiodie and what removes it from the atmosphere?

the increase of carbon dioxide will lead to?

About 70 percent.

amonia, cellular respiration adds it and photo synthesis removes it

global warming

What is the average depth of the ocean?

About 3.7 km.

It goes until what depth? The water contains? Its a? And also?

11km, 3 percent salts mostly sodium chlorfor , factor that profoundly effects biology of the organisms that live there, avialiability of light

What does ocean water contain?

Dissolved salts, mostly sodium chloride.

What profoundly affects the biology of marine organisms?

The availability of light.

and also the salts

How far does sunlight penetrate the ocean? why?

Only the upper few hundred meters, because the water absorbs light

What is the photic zone?

The part of the ocean that receives sunlight.

What is the aphotic zone?

The cold and dark part of the ocean where no sunlight penetrates.

Why can’t photosynthesis occur in the aphotic zone?

Because of the lack of sunlight.

How many zones do ecologists recognize extending out from the shore?

Three zones.

What are the three zones recognized by ecologists?

The intertidal zone, the neritic zone, and the oceanic zone.

The intertidal zone?

Along the ocean shore the the tides produce a rythmic rise and fall of the water in an area called intertidal zone

Furthur out its the? Over the?What is the neritic zone’s depth?

Relatively shallow (no more than a few hundred feet deep).(180m)

Nertic zone contintental shelf

What is beyond the continental shelf?

The oceanic zone, the deep water of the open sea.

What two zones are the neritic and oceanic zones divided into?

The pelagic zone and the benthic zone.

What is the pelagic zone?

The open water.

What is the benthic zone?

The ocean bottom.

The netric zone Generally extends from? The photic zone?

Intertidal zone to a point where the depth is about 180m, varies in depth depending on how far the light penetrates into the water