Orgo Functional Groups

Alkanes

hydrocarbon compound with only c-c single bonds

Alkenes

hydrocarbon compound containing at least 1 carbon carbon double bond

Alkynes

hydrocarbon compound containing at least 1 carbon carbon triple bond

aromatic hydrocarbons

hydrocarbon containing a 6 carbon ring with 3 alternating double bonds

benzene

aromatic hydrocarbon attached only to H

alcohol

OH bonded to an sp3 carbon

ether

oxygen attached to 2 sp3 carbons

carbonyl

carbon double bonded to an oxygen

aldehydes

carbonyl connected to an H and an sp3 carbon

ketone

carbonyl attached to two sp3 carbons

carboxyl/carboxylic acid

COOH

ester

derived from carboxylic acid where r group replaces hydrogen

amide

carboxylic acid where OH is replaced by amine group N—2(R/H)

acid chloride

carbon double bonded to oxygen, bonded to sp3 carbon and cl

amine

nitrogen with 3 bonds to either sp3 carbon or H

imine

nitrogen double bonded to sp3 carbon and single bonded to sp3 carbon or H

nitrile

nitrogen triple bonded to carbon bonded to sp3 carbon

pyridine

6 membered ring containing nitrogen with 3 alternating double bonds