Semester 1 Final Exam Vocab 2025 (H Geo)

map scale

The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface.

map legend

Explains the meaning of symbols used on a map.

compass rose

a diagram of a compass showing direction (N, S, E, W)ge

general reference map

show location

flow line map

Shows movement with arrows of different size

Cartogram

resizes territories according to subject of interest

thematic map

a type of map that portrays the geographic pattern of a particular subject matter (theme) in a geographic area.

conservative

a political ideology that promotes small government, economic unregulated, socio moral regulated, republican, skeptical of government intervention, "right"

liberal

a political ideology that promotes big government, economic regulated, socio moral unregulated, democrat, government involvement to promote equality, "left"

Republican Party

American political party promoting more conservative ideology

Democratic Party

American political party promoting more liberal ideology

Libertarian

One who believes in limited government interference in personal and economic liberties

Authoritarian

one who believes in extensive government control of personal and economic liberties

moderate

Person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies. "In the middle"

Big Government

More government intervention in people's lives, especially in terms of the economy.

Small Government

Less government intervention in people's lives, especially in terms of the economy

Regulated

more government control, less individual freedom

Unregulated

less government control, more individual freedom

Sociomoral issue

issues dealing with personal beliefs and decisions

Economic issue

issues dealing with money or business

Electoral College

process by which we elect the President of the US. You need 270 votes to win the presidency.

Swing State

a state that does not consistently vote either Democratic or Republican in presidential elections

Literacy Test

A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

Poll Tax

A tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the right to vote, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

Voting by Mail

A program in many states that allows voters to mail in their ballots rather than appearing in person at a polling place. This often increases voter turnout.

Voter ID laws

laws that require a person to provide some form of official identification before they are permitted to register to vote, receive a ballot for an election, or to actually vote

same-day voter registration

People may register and vote on the same day as the election. This increases voter turnout.

Birth Rate (CBR)

the number of live births per 1000 members of the population in a year

Death Rate (CDR)

number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people

Fertility Rate (TFR)

the average number of children per woman

Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics.

Patriarchy

A form of social organization in which males dominate females

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.

demographic transition

change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

26th Amendment

Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18

Voting Rights Act of 1965

a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage

Overpopulation

too many people in one place for the resources available

Census

population count every 10 years

Dowry

property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage

Population Pyramid

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

life expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live

replacement rate

2.1 births per woman

natural increase rate (NIR)

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

One Child Policy

A program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China. Restricted families to only have one child.

restrictive population policies

Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase

expansive population policies

Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth

eugenic population policies

Government policies designed to favor one race/group over another

Peters Projection

distorted: shape of land, preserves: area

Robinson Projection

distorted: edge of map, preserves: general distance, shape, size

Mercator Projection

distorts: side and shape, preserves: distance