Science

How do you determine which food has more calories?

Higher change in temperature equals higher calorie amount.

What process do the monomers of biological molecules join together?

Dehydration synthesis.

What process do polymers (biological molecules) break apart?

Hydrolysis.

What are the reactants in cellular respiration?

Glucose and oxygen.

What are the products of aerobic cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration that make energy?

1. Glycolysis, 2. Kreb’s cycle, 3. Electron transport chain.

What are the two stages of anaerobic respiration?

1. Glycolysis, 2. Fermentation.

What stage do both aerobic and anaerobic respiration share?

Glycolysis.

Which type of fermentation is used to make yogurt and cheese?

Lactic acid fermentation.

Which type of fermentation is used to make bread, beer, and wine?

Alcohol fermentation.

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

1. Carbon dioxide (CO2), 2. Water (H2O).

What are the products of photosynthesis?

1. Glucose, 2. Oxygen, 3. Water.

From where does all the carbon in glucose come according to the law of conservation of matter?

Carbon dioxide.

What reactant provides the mass of a plant in photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide.

What process uses sunlight to create glucose?

Photosynthesis.

What is the complete equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O (sunlight) = C6H12O6 + 6O2.

What process takes carbon out of the atmosphere and puts it into plants?

Photosynthesis.

In what molecule is carbon stored in the atmosphere?

Carbon dioxide.

What is burned in factory emissions to create carbon dioxide?

Fossil fuels.

What are the two main processes that cycle carbon between the atmosphere and living organisms?

1. Photosynthesis, 2. Cellular respiration.

What acronym represents the characteristics required to be considered living?

GRACE: Grow, Reproduce, Adapt, Cell, Energy.

What is the steady state that living things maintain called?

Homeostasis.

What mechanism is activated to cool down the body when it gets too hot?

Sweating.

Name one stimulus that can increase body temperature.

Physical activity like running.

What mechanism is activated to warm the body when it gets too cold?

Shivering.

Give one example of a stimulus that decreases body temperature.

Being in a room that has air conditioning.

What is a food chain?

A linear diagram that describes the feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

What is a food web?

Shows all of the interconnected food chains and the energy flow.

List in order from smallest to largest: Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere.

1. Organism, 2. Population, 3. Community, 4. Ecosystem, 5. Biosphere.

What happens to the python population if the corn has a virus?

The python population would decrease.

How much energy is passed in a food chain?

Only 10% of energy gets passed; 90% turns to heat.

What happens to the lemming population as snow owl nests decrease?

The lemming population would decrease.

What is the independent variable in the spinach leaf disk experiment?

The amount of carbon dioxide.

What is the dependent variable in the spinach leaf disk experiment?

The number of floating spinach leaf disks.

What was being tested in the spinach leaf disk experiment?

How the amount of carbon dioxide affects the number of floating spinach leaf disks.

Identify two constants in the spinach leaf disk experiment.

10 spinach disks, 100 mL of water in both beakers.

What claim can be made based on the spinach leaf disk experiment?

When there's more carbon dioxide, there are more floating spinach leaf disks.

When does population growth occur?

When there are more births than deaths in the population.

What conditions help increase a population?

Higher birth rates, low death rates, and abundant resources.

What happens when deaths exceed births in a population?

The population decreases.

What conditions cause a population to decline?

Lower birth rates, higher death rates, lack of resources.

What is a limiting factor?

It limits a population's size and slows or stops it from growing.

What is a density-dependent limiting factor?

A factor that affects a population's growth based on crowding.

Give examples of density-dependent factors.

Competition for food, space, mates, and disease spread.

What is a density-independent factor?

A factor that affects population size regardless of crowding.

Give examples of density-independent factors.

Fire, floods, droughts, and weather.

What is a population's carrying capacity?

The maximum number of individuals/species the environment can support.