Physics Test
Here are the answers to your questions, based on established scientific understanding:
Light as a particle in a wave: Light exhibits wave-particle duality, meaning it behaves as both a wave and a particle. As a particle, it's composed of photons, discrete packets of energy.
Why grasses appear green: Grasses appear green because they contain chlorophyll, which absorbs most colors of light but reflects green light.
Sound waves: Sound waves are longitudinal waves that transmit through a medium (like air or water) by compressing and rarefying the particles of the medium.
Electromagnetic (EM) waves: The EM spectrum includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
Real-life applications of EM waves: Radio waves are used in communication, microwaves in cooking and radar, infrared in thermal imaging, visible light for sight, ultraviolet for sterilization, X-rays for medical imaging, and gamma rays for cancer treatment.
Wave model of light: The wave model of light describes light as an electromagnetic wave characterized by wavelength and frequency. It explains phenomena like interference and diffraction.
Particle model of light: The particle model describes light as a stream of photons, each carrying a discrete amount of energy. It explains phenomena like the photoelectric effect.
Calculating frequency: Frequency (f) is calculated as f = \frac{v}{\lambda}, where v is the wave's speed and \\lambda is the wavelength.
Light behavior in different materials: Light can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected depending on the material's properties. The speed of light also changes as it enters different materials, leading to refraction.
Law of reflection: The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
Angle of incidence and reflection: The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the normal to the surface; the angle of reflection is the angle between the reflected ray and the normal.
Characteristics of image in a plane mirror: The image is virtual, upright, of the same size as the object, and laterally inverted.
Refraction: Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in speed.
Medium: A medium is a substance through which a wave can propagate.
Angle of incidence and refraction: The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the normal; the angle of refraction is the angle between the refracted ray and the normal.
Farsightedness (hyperopia): Difficulty seeing near objects clearly.
Nearsightedness (myopia): Difficulty seeing far objects clearly.
Astigmatism: Blurred vision due to an irregularly shaped cornea or lens.
Cataract: Clouding of the lens in the eye.
Photon: A photon is a discrete packet of electromagnetic energy (light).
What a photon has and doesn't have: A photon has energy and momentum but no mass.
Luminol: Luminol is a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence when mixed with an oxidizing agent, often used in forensic science to detect traces of blood.
YEM in MRI (Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide): Although YBCO is a high-temperature superconductor, it's not directly used in MRI machines. MRI machines use traditional low-temperature superconductors (like Niobium-Titanium) cooled with liquid helium to create powerful magnetic fields.
Lowest energy, frequency, and wavelength color: Red light has the lowest energy and frequency but the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum.
Ionizing radiation: Ionizing radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions.
Waves carry: Waves carry energy without transporting matter.
Transverse wave: A transverse wave is a wave where the displacement of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
Angle of refraction: The angle of refraction is related to the indices of refraction of the two media and the angle of incidence, as described by Snell's Law.
Light slowing down or speeding up: When light slows down in a medium (higher refractive index), it bends toward the normal. When it speeds up (lower refractive index), it bends away from the normal.
Mirage: A mirage is an optical illusion caused by the refraction of light through air layers of different temperatures and densities.
Lenses cause refraction: Lenses cause light to refract, changing the direction of light rays.
Converging lenses (convex): Converging lenses cause parallel light rays to converge at a focal point.
Diverging lenses (concave): diverging lenses cause parallel light rays to diverge from the focal point
2020 Vision: When the eyeball can read from 20 feet