Physics Test

Light as a particle

Light exhibits wave-particle duality, behaving as both a wave and a particle composed of photons.

Why grasses appear green

Grasses appear green because they contain chlorophyll, which absorbs most colors of light but reflects green light.

Sound waves

Sound waves are longitudinal waves that transmit through a medium by compressing and rarefying particles.

Electromagnetic (EM) waves

The EM spectrum includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Real-life applications of EM waves

Radio waves are used in communication; microwaves in cooking and radar; infrared in thermal imaging; visible light for sight; ultraviolet for sterilization; X-rays for medical imaging; gamma rays for cancer treatment.

Wave model of light

Describes light as an electromagnetic wave characterized by wavelength and frequency, explaining interference and diffraction.

Particle model of light

Describes light as a stream of photons, each carrying a discrete amount of energy, explaining the photoelectric effect.

Calculating frequency

Frequency (f) is calculated as f = v/λ, where v is the wave's speed and λ is the wavelength.

Light behavior in different materials

Light can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected depending on the material's properties, with speed changes leading to refraction.

Law of reflection

States that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

Characteristics of image in a plane mirror

The image is virtual, upright, the same size as the object, and laterally inverted.

Refraction

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in speed.

Medium

A medium is a substance through which a wave can propagate.

Farsightedness (hyperopia)

Difficulty seeing near objects clearly.

Nearsightedness (myopia)

Difficulty seeing far objects clearly.

Astigmatism

Blurred vision due to an irregularly shaped cornea or lens.

Cataract

Clouding of the lens in the eye.

Photon

A photon is a discrete packet of electromagnetic energy (light).

What a photon has and doesn't have

A photon has energy and momentum but no mass.

Luminol

Luminol is a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence when mixed with an oxidizing agent, used in forensic science.

YEM in MRI (Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide)

YBCO is a high-temperature superconductor, but MRI machines use low-temperature superconductors like Niobium-Titanium.

Lowest energy, frequency, and wavelength color

Red light has the lowest energy and frequency but the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum.

Ionizing radiation

Has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions.

Waves carry

Waves carry energy without transporting matter.

Transverse wave

A transverse wave is a wave where the displacement of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

Angle of refraction

Related to the indices of refraction of two media and the angle of incidence, as described by Snell's Law.

Light slowing down or speeding up

When light slows down, it bends toward the normal; when it speeds up, it bends away from the normal.

Mirage

An optical illusion caused by the refraction of light through air layers of different temperatures and densities.

Lenses cause refraction

Lenses cause light to refract, changing the direction of light rays.

Converging lenses (convex)

Converging lenses cause parallel light rays to converge at a focal point.

Diverging lenses (concave)

Diverging lenses cause parallel light rays to diverge from the focal point.

2020 Vision

When the eyeball can read from 20 feet.

Light as a particle

Light exhibits wave-particle duality, behaving as both a wave and a particle composed of photons.

Why grasses appear green

Grasses appear green because they contain chlorophyll, which absorbs most colors of light but reflects green light.

Sound waves

Sound waves are longitudinal waves that transmit through a medium by compressing and rarefying particles.

Electromagnetic (EM) waves

The EM spectrum includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Real-life applications of EM waves

Radio waves are used in communication; microwaves in cooking and radar; infrared in thermal imaging; visible light for sight; ultraviolet for sterilization; X-rays for medical imaging; gamma rays for cancer treatment.

Wave model of light

Describes light as an electromagnetic wave characterized by wavelength and frequency, explaining interference and diffraction.

Particle model of light

Describes light as a stream of photons, each carrying a discrete amount of energy, explaining the photoelectric effect.

Calculating frequency

Frequency (f) is calculated as f = v/λ, where v is the wave's speed and λ is the wavelength.

Light behavior in different materials

Light can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected depending on the material's properties, with speed changes leading to refraction.

Law of reflection

States that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

Characteristics of image in a plane mirror

The image is virtual, upright, the same size as the object, and laterally inverted.

Refraction

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in speed.

Medium

A medium is a substance through which a wave can propagate.

Farsightedness (hyperopia)

Difficulty seeing near objects clearly.

Nearsightedness (myopia)

Difficulty seeing far objects clearly.

Astigmatism

Blurred vision due to an irregularly shaped cornea or lens.

Cataract

Clouding of the lens in the eye.

Photon

A photon is a discrete packet of electromagnetic energy (light).

What a photon has and doesn't have

A photon has energy and momentum but no mass.

Luminol

Luminol is a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence when mixed with an oxidizing agent, used in forensic science.

YEM in MRI (Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide)

YBCO is a high-temperature superconductor, but MRI machines use low-temperature superconductors like Niobium-Titanium.

Lowest energy, frequency, and wavelength color

Red light has the lowest energy and frequency but the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum.

Ionizing radiation

Has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions.

Waves carry

Waves carry energy without transporting matter.

Transverse wave

A transverse wave is a wave where the displacement of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

Angle of refraction

Related to the indices of refraction of two media and the angle of incidence, as described by Snell's Law.

Light slowing down or speeding up

When light slows down, it bends toward the normal; when it speeds up, it bends away from the normal.

Mirage

An optical illusion caused by the refraction of light through air layers of different temperatures and densities.

Lenses cause refraction

Lenses cause light to refract, changing the direction of light rays.

Converging lenses (convex)

Converging lenses cause parallel light rays to converge at a focal point.

Diverging lenses (concave)

Diverging lenses cause parallel light rays to diverge from the focal point.

2020 Vision

When the eyeball can read from 20 feet.