Studied by 20 people
Standard of Living
Progressive idea that expressed how good someone’s life was in the US
Scientific Management
Theory used by Ford using efficiency experts to examine work operations and find ways to minimize the time required to complete them
Welfare Capitalism
Offering workers the right to unionize, better wages, and health benefits so that you do not have to deal with problems with workers; treat workers better so that they are more productive
Hollywood/Movie Industry
Force in American pop culture that shaped entertainment worldwide and produced films that reflect changing societal values, trends, and aspirations
Charles Lindbergh
American aviator who rose to fame after becoming the first to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic in 1927
Fundamentalism in Religion
Movement in the 20th century that began in Protestant circles to defend the basis of religion against liberalism
Scopes Trial
1925 prosecution of a science teacher for teaching evolution in a Tennessee Public School, which was illegal at the time
18th Amendment
Amendment that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transport of alcohol
Al Capone
Gangster during the 1920s who smuggled and bootlegged liquor and bribed government officials
Sacco and Vanzetti
Italian immigrant anarchists convicted of a crime with very little evidence, reflecting anti-immigrant and radical sentiments
Quota Laws
Laws that restricted European immigration to the US to a set percentage of that nationality’s population in the US per year
Harlem Renaissance
Cultural explosion of African Americans in music, art, literature, and culture, centered in Uptown Manhattan in the 1920s
Marcus Garvey
Harlem political leader who advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa and to their ancient roots
Calvin Coolidge
30th US President - very pro-business and emphasized Laissez-Faire policies; often associated with the 1920s economic boom
Herbert Hoover
31st US President who ran on prohibition and prosperity, but many blamed the stock market crash on him, which led to the Great Depression; rugged individualism and hands-off approach, did not want the government to be involved in the economy
Black Tuesday
Day of banking collapse that led to the Great Depression with over 15 million stocks sold due to panicking investors
Buying on Margin
Practice of allowing investors to buy items, including stocks, at a lower price and pay the rest on loans later; created a false sense of prosperity
Bank Failures
Banks lost most of their money because of peoples’ fears leading to large withdrawals; banks had no money coming back in after they kept giving it out through loans
Gross National Product
Market value of goods and services produced by a labor and property supplied by US residents, regardless of their location
Stock Market Crash
October 1`929 fall in stock prices due to widespread financial panic, caused by brokers who called in their loans
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Tariff enacted to protect US farmers from foreign competition by increasing tariffs on certain foreign goods, leading to Europe putting high tariffs on American products as a retaliation
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Government lending agency established by Hoover to assist insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and businesses financially; trickle-down approach to economics
Bonus March
Protest by WWI veterans who wanted promised early bonuses, but were instead faced by an army sent by Hoover
FDR
32nd US Democratic President who sought to fight economic hardships during the Great Depression through his New Deal Plan
Warren Harding
29th US President who wanted pro-business policies and a return to normalcy after WWI. Also had many scandals in his administration, including the Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome Scandal
Event in Harding’s Administration where his Secretary of the Interior leased federal land to a private oil company who wanted to drill, for bribes
Brain Trust
Term used to describe a group of close advisors to a politician, often experienced academics in all different fields
New Deal
FDR’s Great Depression plan to address economic challenges; included job programs, social security, welfare, public works, and more (relief, recovery, and reform)
Bank Holiday
Week of banks closed by FDR’s order in order to prevent a run on the banks (too many withdrawals) and allow for inspections and reorganization
Fireside Chats
FDR’s radio addresses to the American public in a very personal manner
Civilian Conservation Corps
Recruited unemployed young men from urban areas to perform conservation work throughout the nation’s forests, parks, and fields - part of the New Deal program
Tennessee Valley Authority
Relief program part of the New Deal to build public works and give jobs in the hard-hit Tennessee Valley, which was hard hit by the depression, built mainly electricity and dams
Emergency Banking Relief Act
FDR’s New Deal program that allowed the Treasury to issue loans to banks in need, limit bank operations, and give the President the power to regulate banks during emergencies; closed banks through the Bank Holiday and only opened up solvent banks
FDIC
New Deal program to insure bank deposits to prevent runs on the bank and bank bankruptcies; back money in banks by the government
SEC
New Deal program responsible for protecting investors, maintaining fair and orderly functioning securities markets, and facilitating capital formation, along with buying on margin
Second New Deal
FDR’s program to stimulate the economy in 1935 after much of the 1st New Deal was struck down by SCOTUS; shifted away from recovery and to economic security and social welfare such as Social Security, Wagner Act (fair labor relations and collective bargaining)
Social Security Act
New Deal program that guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers at age 65 and on]
Wagner Act
New Deal program to establish the National Labor Relations Board to secure workers’ rights to collectively bargain, strike, and organize
Father Charles Coughlin
Priest who theorized about social justice predicated on monetary reforms; he was an early Roosevelt supporter but then moved to be a critic because he wanted banks to be controlled by the government
Court-Packing
Roosevelt’s plan to appoint one additional justice for each above 70 years old because FDR believed that some judges were out of touch and not representative of the US population after they struck down many New Deal programs
John L. Lewis
Leader of Organized Labor who served as the President of the United Mine Workers of America; helped to guarantee union rights for immigrants and workers
Fair Labor Standards Act
Government legislation that dealt with wages and child labor - established a minimum wage and prohibited child labor in harsh and dangerous conditions; ensured that worksites were safe
Dust Bowl
Environmental disaster that took place in the Great Plains in the 1930s due to land misuse and years of sustained droughts
Okies/Arkies
Nickname given to Oklahoman and Arkansas farmers who migrated to California during the Dust Bowl in search of the “promised land”, but they were shunned
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Flashcard (41)