Religious study quiz #2

Contemporary paganism

A name for a new religion based on ancient nature beliefs and practices. One example is Wicca.

Wicca's origin

Based on ancient beliefs and practices but began in England in the 20th century.

Gerald Gardner

He was the founder of Wicca

Some Wiccans are considered pantheism because…

They believe in a single spiritual energy which appears in female and male forms

Some Wiccans are polytheism because…

They believe in many different goddesses and gods which one closely connected to the natural world

Sabbath

a Wiccan celebration which happens during the 8 seasonal turning points. Emphasizes the solar cycle.

Esbat

A Wiccan celebration, occurs at night with a full moon. Emphasizes the lunar cycle.

Coven

A Wiccan group which gathers for worship or fellowship.

Witch

Many Wiccans call themselves this.

Wiccan rede

A Wiccan principle; states you are free to do anything except what harms others.

Wiccan views on animals

Many are vegetarian because of concern about harming them.

Wiccan view on earth

Many emphasize care because of the Wiccan rede

Law of the triple return

Wiccan principle, states that any good or bad energy you send in the world will return to you 3 times.

Covenant

An agreement between god and the Jewish people to be faithful to eachother

Chosen people

Jewish people believe they are gods specially chosen people.

Why do Jewish people believe they are the chosen people

Some think they are morally superior to everyone else. Others think god wants to use them to teach non-jews about god.

Jewish history

Jewish people believe god is in control of their history

Exactitude

Many Jewish people believe they must do exactly what god requires them to do.

Temple period (until 70 CE)

until 70 CE sacrifices were a major part of exactitude.

Post-temple period (after 70 CE)

After 70 CE studying Jewish laws has been a major part of exactitude

Tanakh

Jewish bible

Torah

Part of the Tanakh, describes Jewish laws and stories of the ancient Jewish people

the Prophets

this part of the Tanakh describes warnings and other messages from god spoken by the prophets such as Isaiah

The Writings

This part of the Tanakh has a variety of types of literature including Psalms and Probers

Talmud

A collection of books which provides detailed explanations of Jewish laws

Midrash

A creative interpretation of the Tanakh

Bar/Bat Mitzvah

Ritual celebrating a Jewish person becoming an adult. Bar means son and Bat means daughter of the Condmandment.

Rosh Hashanan

the Jewish new year marking the beginning of the Jewish high holy days

Yam Kippur

The end of the Jewish high holy days. Practices include a day long fasting and praying for gods forgiveness

Hanukkah

This Jewish ritual remembers the miracle of candles burning for 8 days in the temple of Jerusalem

Shabbat

Jewish day of rest on Saturday

Passover

This Jewish ritual remembers the freeing of Jewish slaves from Egypt. It includes eating special symbolic food.

Kosher

Refers to Jewish rules about which foods can be eaten and prepared

Ashkenazic

Jewish people who are originally from eastern Europe

Sephardic

Jewish people who are originally from Southern Europe and the Middle East

Orthodox

This branch is most traditional of the 3 main branches of Judaism

Examples of Orthodox (language of worship, structure of men and women in worship, rules about Shabbat)

Mostly uses the Hebrew language in worship services, Men and women are separated in services, follows strict rules about not working during Shabbat.

Conservative

this branch of Judaism includes a mixture of traditional practices and modernized practices

Examples of conservative Judaism (language of worship, rules about Shabbat)

Mostly uses the Hebrew language in worship services, does not follow an strict rules about not working on Shabbat.

Reform

Branch of Judaism that is the most modernized

Reform Judaism examples (language of worship, structure of men and women in worship, rules about Shabbat)

Mostly uses local language in worship services, allows men and women to sit together in worship services, does not follow strict rules about not working during Shabbat

Origin of Hasidic Judaism

Began in Eastern Europe in the 18th century

Baal Shem Tov

He was the founder of Hasidic Judaism, he emphasized a joyful relationship with god

Major ideas of Hasidic Judaism

Emphasizes separation from the outside world and the belief that god is present everywhere

Hasidic Judaism: Devekut

The ultimate earthly goal. It’s a joyful awareness of gods presence everywhere

Nigunim

Music with nonsense sounds instead of words. It helps Hasidic Jewish people experience. Devekut.

Rebbe

A Hasidic leader believed to be gods representative on earth

Anti-Semitism

Refers to anti-Jewish beliefs and practices

Blood Libel

The myth that Jewish people killed Christian children to re-enact killing Jesus on the cross.

Protocols of the Elders of Zion

This book falsely described a secret Jewish plot to destroy Western Civilizations.

Pogrom

An organized massacre of Jewish people. The largest were in Russia and the Holocaust

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Zionism

Movement that argued Jewish people should be given their own nation.

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Creation of Israel

the Jewish nation was created in 1948, which was where many Palestinians and Muslims lived

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Events after 1948

There has been a large amount of fighting between Israel and it’s neighboring countries along with Palestinian organizations

Early church: Connection to Judaism

At first the early church was considered a branch of Judaism but was separated and recognized as Christianity due to its beliefs about Jesus

Early church: Growth

The early church spread throughout the Romain empire mostly because of missionary’s such as Paul

Early Church: Persecution

Some Roman emperors persecuted and killed early Christian’s due to misunderstanding of Christian beliefs and bu Christian’s refusing to worship the emperor

Edict of Milan

made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire

Edict of Milan: Constantine

This Roman emperor declared the Edict of Milan after converting to Christinanity

Edict of Milan: effects

The edict of Milan ended the Romain Empires persecution of Christianity and began Christianity’s often close connection with political leaders

Great Schism

Refers to the split between the Orthodox and Roman Catholic branches of Christianity it was in the 11th century.

Great Schism: Causes

In addition to theological disagreements the great schism resulted from Orthodox disagreement that the Roman Catholic pope is the leader of the entire Christian church

Protestant Reform: Martin Luther

Began in the 16th century after Luther criticized the Catholic Church

Martin Luther: Indulgences

Criticized the Catholic Church for selling Indulgences to reduce the amount of time a persons in purgatory

Purgatory

Temporary place of punishment before going to heaven

Martin Luther: Bible

Criticized the Catholic Church for allowing the Bible only in Latin because he believed the Catholic Church was hiding its true meaning

Martin Luther: Salvation

Criticized the Catholic Church for teaching works are needed to achieve Salvation in heaven. He believed Salvation is completely by grace

Protestant reform: John Calvin

He was another leader of the reformation

John Calvin: double predestination

Taught this idea which states god has already chose who is going to heaven and who’s going to hell