Abnormal Psychology Final Study Guide

eating disorder, substance user disorder, sexual disorders and gender variations, schizophrenia, personality disorder, disorders common among children and adolescents, and disorders of aging and cognition

what is the main difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

1. Both are based on the intense fear of gaining weight

2. Anorexia is not eating ; Bulimia is binging and purging

3. Anorexia avoids food ; Bulimia engages in food and purges after

4. Bulimics tend to have more personality disorders ; different medical complications (due to vomiting [dental issues, intestinal disorders])

identify and define the three categories of symptoms of schizophrenia

positive schizophrenia - Anything that is a bizarre addition to someone's behavior

• Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and speech

  • Lose associations, neologisms, preservation, clang (rhyme)

negative schizophrenia -Things that are lacking from an individual's behavior

• Poverty of speech (aplasia), restricted or flattened affect, abolition or apathy, social withdrawal

psychomotor schizophrenia - Awkward movements and odd gestures, often times referred to as rigidity → catatonia

what types of symptoms are associated with the “odd” category of personality disorders?

Suspiciousness, social withdrawal, emotional detachment, impeculiar ways of thinking and behaving

what are the specific disorders in the “odd” personality disorder category?

paranoid personality disorder - deeply distrustful, believe they are going to be harmed (not delusional) 

schizoid personality disorder - pretend to be alone, don't need attention or acceptance, unresponsive to praise or criticism

schizotypal personality disorder - extreme discomfort in close relationships, range of interpersonal problems 

what types of symptoms are associated with the “dramatic” category of personality disorders?

1. Dramatic, emotional, or erratic

2. Poor relationships

what are the specific disorders in the “dramatic” personality disorder category?

antisocial personality disorder -  psychopaths, persistent disregard and constant violation for others rights, often associated with criminal behaviors, lie repeatedly, act reckless

borderline personality disorder - greatly unstable, major shifts in mood, high in impulsivity, unable to maintain strong relationships

histrionic personality disorder - extremely emotional individuals, skee center of attention, always seeking approval and praise of others, vain, self centered, manipulative

narcissistic personality disorder - grandiose, need a lot of attention and admiration, no empathy

what types of symptoms are associated with the “anxious” category of personality disorders?

Anxious and fearful behaviors

what are the specific disorders in the “anxious” personality disorder category?

avoidant personality disorder - isolated, uncomfortable in social situations, overwhelmed with feelings of inadequacy, very few close friends

dependent personality disorder - excessive need to be cared for, rely on others so much that they cannot make smallest decisions for themselves, separation problems, often lack self confidence

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder - NOT THE SAME AS OCD (similar), preoccupation with order and control, not efficient, stubborn, unreasonable high standard for self and others, make mistake = no decisions

how do childhood anxiety and depressive disorders differ from their adulthood manifestations?

children w/ depression - more somatic symptoms

• Irritibility

• Disinterest in games/toys

anxiety in children - tend to be more behavoiral or somatic symptoms

• How they behave and how their body reacts

• Separation anxiety and selective mutism → anxiety we see more in children

Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder

• Similar to antisocial personality disorder

Elimination disorders

• Enuresis (bedwetting or elimination of urine) and encoesis (elimination of feces)

how do disorders of old age differ from their adulthood manifestation?

Anxiety and depression disorders

• Depression: more stress (medical issues or being in homes/losing independence), raises risk of other medical problems and suicide

• Anxiety: become more anxois about circumstances (medical issues)

Increased anxiety and depression = increase of medication MISuse

Higher rate of psychotic symptoms but not higher rate of schizophrenia

• Delirium or dementia

Neuro-cognitive disorders

• Alsheimers

• Vascular neurcognitive disorder

• Parkinsons disorder