EXSC315 EXAM 3

What are the bones involved in the head, neck, and trunk?

Skull, vertebral spine, thoracic cage.

What are the skulls key attachments?

Occipital bone and mastoid process

List the order of the spine from top to bottom with the #

Cervical 7

Thoracic 12

Lumbar 5

Sacrum 5

Coccyx 4

What are the major muscles/groups that are involved in the head, neck and trunk?

Sternocleidomastoid

Erector Spinae

Abdominal Muscles

What are the abdominal muscles of the head, neck, and trunk?

Rectus abdominis

Internal obliques

External obliques

Transverse abdominis

What is the origin of sternocleidmastoid?

Manubrium of sternum; clavicular head

What is the insertion of the sternocleidmastoid?

Mastoid process of temporal bone

What is the action of sternocleidmastoid?

Flexes neck laterally and rotates head to opposite side

Contraction of both sides together (bilateral) simply flexes the neck

(T/F) The sternocleidmastoid can rotate.

False

Who plays the neutralizer role during scapular elevation?

Sernocleidmastoid

What muscle is this?

Sernocleidmastoid

What makes up the erector spinae (lateral to medial).

Iliocosalis group

Longissimus group

Spinalis group

What makes up the erector spinae (medial to lateral).

Spinalis group

Longissimus group

Iliocostalis group

What are the actions of the erector spinae?

Bilateral contraction: extends neck and back, maintaining posture

Unilateral contraction: lateral flexion

What are the muscles that move the trunk?

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transverse abdominis

Rectus abdominis

How is external oblique directed?

Inferiomedial

How is internal oblique directed?

Superiomedial (opposite of external)

How is transverse abdominis directed?

Horizontal

How are rectus abdominis directed?

Connected to the sterum and public bone

What is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

Pubis and pubic symphysis

What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

Xiphoid process, costal cartilages

What is the action of the rectus abdominis?

Trunk/vertebral flexion

What muscle is this?

Rectus abdominis

What is the origin of the external oblique?

Lower 8 ribs

What is the insertion of the external oblique?

Anterior iliac crest and by the abdominal aponeurosis

What is the action of the external oblique?

Laterally flexes and rotate the trunk/vertebral column

Trunk flexion

How does the external oblique run?

Diagonally downward and medially

What muscle is this?

External oblique

What is the origin of internal oblique?

Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia

What is the insertion of internal oblique?

Internal surface of lower 3 ribs, rectus sheath to linea alba

What is the action of internal oblique?

Laterally flexes and rotates the trunk, assist flexes the trunk

How do the internal oblique fibers run?

Diagonally upward and medially

What muscle is this?

Internal oblique

What is the origin of transverse abdominis?

Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, internal surface of lower 6 ribs

What is the insertion of the transverse abdominis?

Rectus sheath to linea alba

What is the action of the transverse abdominis?

Laterally flexes and rotates the trunk, assists in trunk flexion

What is the deepest abdominal muscle?

Transverse abdominis

What muscle is this?

Transverse abdominis

What are the major muscles that move the pectoral girdle anteriorly?

Pectoralis minor and serratus anterior

What are the major muscles that move the pectoral girdle posteriorly?

Rhomboids, trapezius, levator scapulae

What is the origin of the serratus anterior?

Ribs 1-8

What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?

Medial border of scapula

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

Scapular protraction, upward rotation of scapula

What is the “boxing muscle”

Serratus anterior

What muscle is this?

Serratus anterior

What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?

Ribs 3-5

What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?

Coracoid process of scapula

What is the action of the pectoralis minor?

Protracts and depresses scapula

What muscle is this?

Pectoralis minor

What is the origin of the trapezius?

Occipital bone and spines of the cervical/thoracic vertebrae

What is the insertion of the trapezius?

Clavicle, Acromion process and spine of scapula

What is the action of the trapezius?

Stabilizes, raises (elevates), retracts and rotates the scapula

What muscle is this?

Trapezius

Superior fibers ___ scapula.

elevate

Middle fibers ___ scapula.

retract

Inferior fibers ___ scapula.

depress

R major is ___ and ___ to R minor.

larger, inferior

What is the origin of the rhomboids?

Spinous processes of C7-T5

What is the insertion of the rhomoids?

Medial border of the scapula below the scapular spine

What is the action of the rhomoids?

Scapular retraction, elevation, downward rotation

What muscle is this?

R minor

What muscle is this?

R major

What is the origin of the levator scapulae?

Posterior tubercles of transverse process of C1-c4 vertebrae

What is the insertion of the levator scapulae?

Superior part of medial border of scapula

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

Elevates scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly

What muscle is this?

Levator scapulae

What are the muscles that move the glenohumeral joint?

Deltoid and pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi, Rotator cuff muscles

What is the origin of the pectoralis major?

Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6

What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

Intertubercular groove of the humerus

What is the action of the pectoralis major?

Arm adduction, internal rotation, flexion, extension, horizontal adduction

What muscle is this?

Pectoralis major

What is the origin of the deltoid?

Acromion process, spine of scapula, clavicle

What is the insertion of the deltoid?

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

What is the action of the 3 deltoids?

Anterior- flexion, medial rotation

Lateral- abduction

Posterior- extension, lateral rotation

What muscle is this?

Deltoid

What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

Lumbodorsal fascia into spinous processes

Lower 6 thoracic vertebrae

Lower 4 ribs

Iliac crest

What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

Intertubercular groove of the humerus

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

Prime mover of arm extension, arm adduction, medial rotation

What muscle is this?

Latissimus dorsi

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

What is the origin of the infraspinatus?

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

What is the insertion of the infraspinatus?

Greater tubercle of the humerus

What is the action of the infraspinatus?

External rotation, adduction of the arm and stabilization of shoulder

What muscle is this?

Infraspinatus

What is the origin of the subscapularis?

Subscapular fossa of the scapula

What is the insertion of the subscapularis?

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

What is the action of the subscapularis?

Internal rotation and stabilization of the shoulder

What muscle is this?

Subscapularis

What is the origin of the teres minor?

Axillary border of the scapula

What is the insertion of the teres minor?

Greater tubercle of the humerus

What is the action of the teres minor?

External rotation, adduction of the arm; pulls the head of the humerus into the glenoid cavity

What muscle is this?

Teres minor

What is the origin of supraspinatus?

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

What is the insertion of supraspinatus?

Greater tubercle of the humerus

What is the action of supraspinatus?

Abduction of arm and stabilization of shoulder

What muscle is this?

Supraspinatus

The elbow joint is a ____ joint found in the upper limb between the ___ and ____.

synovial, arm, forearm

What is the articulation of the elbow?

Humerus, radius, ulna

What are the key flexors of the forearm?

Biceps brachii, brachialis

Brachioradialis (synergist)

What are the key extensors of the forearm?

Triceps brachii