Biotechnology and DNA Technology Overview

Biotechnology

Manipulation of organisms for human needs.

Gene Cloning

Creating copies of specific genes.

Genetic Engineering

Modifying DNA to introduce new traits.

Synthetic Biology

Designing and constructing new biological parts.

Recombinant DNA

Combining DNA from different organisms.

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Technique for cloning using somatic cells.

Gene Knockout

Disabling a specific gene to study effects.

Gene Therapy

Adding or replacing genes to treat diseases.

Genetic Screening

Testing DNA for genetic disorder risks.

Restriction Enzymes

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences.

Restriction Site

Location on DNA where restriction enzymes cut.

Blunt Ends

Straight ends of DNA after cutting.

Sticky Ends

DNA ends with unpaired bases for easy joining.

Gel Electrophoresis

Technique to separate DNA fragments by size.

Restriction Map

Pattern of DNA fragments after electrophoresis.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Technique to amplify specific DNA sequences.

DNA Fingerprinting

Unique DNA pattern used for identification.

Transgenic Organisms

Organisms with genes from other species.

Golden Rice

Genetically modified rice for enhanced nutrition.

Bioluminescent E. coli

Bacteria engineered to produce light.

Knockout Experiments

Studies using organisms lacking specific genes.

Bt Corn

Corn genetically modified for insect resistance.

Green Revolution

Agricultural transformation through GMOs.

Proteomics

Study of proteins produced in cells.

Genomics

Study of genomes and their functions.

Human Genome Project

Mapping and sequencing human DNA.

HapMap Project

Studying genetic variation among populations.

Bioinformatics

Using databases to analyze biological data.

Gene Sequencing

Determining the order of DNA nucleotides.

Forensics

Application of biology in criminal investigations.

Healthcare

Use of biotechnology for medical advancements.

Agriculture

Application of biotechnology in farming.

Pharmaceuticals

Drugs produced using biotechnological methods.

Cloning

Creating genetically identical copies of organisms.

Dolly the Sheep

First cloned adult mammal in 1997.

Embryonic Stem Cell Research

Using stem cells for regenerative medicine.

Therapeutic Cloning

Cloning for medical treatments and research.

Environmental Pollutants

Substances that contaminate the environment.

DNA Samples

Biological material used for genetic analysis.

Nucleotide Sequences

Order of nucleotides in DNA.

Gene Function

Role of a gene in an organism.

Genetic Disorders

Diseases caused by abnormalities in genes.

Cell Functional Analysis

Studying the roles of proteins in cells.

Targeted Drug Therapy

Drugs designed to target specific genes.

Molecular Level Identification

Identifying individuals based on DNA.

Recombinant Protein Production

Producing proteins using recombinant DNA technology.

Disease-Resistant Plants

Plants engineered to resist diseases.

Food Crop Yields

Amount of food produced from crops.