Biotechnology and DNA Technology Overview

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48 Terms

1

Biotechnology

Manipulation of organisms for human needs.

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2

Gene Cloning

Creating copies of specific genes.

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3

Genetic Engineering

Modifying DNA to introduce new traits.

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4

Synthetic Biology

Designing and constructing new biological parts.

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5

Recombinant DNA

Combining DNA from different organisms.

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6

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Technique for cloning using somatic cells.

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7

Gene Knockout

Disabling a specific gene to study effects.

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8

Gene Therapy

Adding or replacing genes to treat diseases.

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9

Genetic Screening

Testing DNA for genetic disorder risks.

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10

Restriction Enzymes

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences.

<p>Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences.</p>
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11

Restriction Site

Location on DNA where restriction enzymes cut.

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12

Blunt Ends

Straight ends of DNA after cutting.

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13

Sticky Ends

DNA ends with unpaired bases for easy joining.

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14

Gel Electrophoresis

Technique to separate DNA fragments by size.

<p>Technique to separate DNA fragments by size.</p>
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15

Restriction Map

Pattern of DNA fragments after electrophoresis.

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16

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Technique to amplify specific DNA sequences.

<p>Technique to amplify specific DNA sequences.</p>
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17

DNA Fingerprinting

Unique DNA pattern used for identification.

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18

Transgenic Organisms

Organisms with genes from other species.

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19

Golden Rice

Genetically modified rice for enhanced nutrition.

<p>Genetically modified rice for enhanced nutrition.</p>
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20

Bioluminescent E. coli

Bacteria engineered to produce light.

<p>Bacteria engineered to produce light.</p>
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21

Knockout Experiments

Studies using organisms lacking specific genes.

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22

Bt Corn

Corn genetically modified for insect resistance.

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23

Green Revolution

Agricultural transformation through GMOs.

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24

Proteomics

Study of proteins produced in cells.

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25

Genomics

Study of genomes and their functions.

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26

Human Genome Project

Mapping and sequencing human DNA.

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27

HapMap Project

Studying genetic variation among populations.

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28

Bioinformatics

Using databases to analyze biological data.

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29

Gene Sequencing

Determining the order of DNA nucleotides.

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30

Forensics

Application of biology in criminal investigations.

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31

Healthcare

Use of biotechnology for medical advancements.

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32

Agriculture

Application of biotechnology in farming.

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33

Pharmaceuticals

Drugs produced using biotechnological methods.

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34

Cloning

Creating genetically identical copies of organisms.

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35

Dolly the Sheep

First cloned adult mammal in 1997.

<p>First cloned adult mammal in 1997.</p>
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36

Embryonic Stem Cell Research

Using stem cells for regenerative medicine.

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37

Therapeutic Cloning

Cloning for medical treatments and research.

<p>Cloning for medical treatments and research.</p>
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38

Environmental Pollutants

Substances that contaminate the environment.

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39

DNA Samples

Biological material used for genetic analysis.

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40

Nucleotide Sequences

Order of nucleotides in DNA.

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41

Gene Function

Role of a gene in an organism.

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42

Genetic Disorders

Diseases caused by abnormalities in genes.

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43

Cell Functional Analysis

Studying the roles of proteins in cells.

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44

Targeted Drug Therapy

Drugs designed to target specific genes.

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45

Molecular Level Identification

Identifying individuals based on DNA.

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46

Recombinant Protein Production

Producing proteins using recombinant DNA technology.

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47

Disease-Resistant Plants

Plants engineered to resist diseases.

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48

Food Crop Yields

Amount of food produced from crops.

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