Studied by 5 people
patent
gives an inventor the sole legal right to invention and its profits for certain period of time.
Factory System
Launched by Lowell’s mill, a system that brought manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency
Who started use of interchangeable parts?
Inventor Eli Whitney started use of interchangeable parts.
Interchangeable parts
identical machine parts that could be put together quickly to make a complete product.____
Samuel Slater
worked in Arkwritis Mill in Great Britain, then came to America and duplicated all the inventions during industrial rev.
Operated (1st) cotton mill Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
Why was the North or specifically New England good for the Industrial Rev?
Good for factories: New England had many rushing rivers and streams. Provided the water power necessary to run machinery in the new factories.
Francis Cabot Lowell
Opened textile plant/mill in Waltham MA.
Lowell’s mill launched/invented the factory system ( huge part of rev. )
One who hired women to work in his factories (reason he is popular significant and known)
What region did the Industrial Revolution originate from in the US?
started in Northeast states, specifically in Rhode Island.
Why was the North the point of origin for the Indust Rev.?
New England and the other northern states provided much of the necessary requirements.
close to resources (water power) and ports
also a larger population
What is a textile mill?
created by Francis Cabot Lowell, a machine where all the stages of cloth making were all preformed under one roof.
What was city life in the North during the early 1800s?
City life was entirely based on the new industrial expansion, and waterpower. (how machines were powered)
cities in terrible condition , prone to disease, no sewers , unpaved roads - fire and sparks another threat as well
offered a variety of jobs and steady wages, and new buildings were added that were unavailable in the countryside. (EQAUL TO rapidddd population)
lots of child labor, capitalism , free enterprise
Census
official count of the population
turnpike
a road that one must pay to use; the money is used to pay for the road.
who Robert Fulton (on test dalia)
hired for the invention and to develop a steamboat with a powerful engine.
Describe the US population growth according to the census (ON TEST HIGHLIGHT is answer)
DOUBLED
What were turnpike fees used for?
fees travelers paid to use roads, which help payed for construction.(built by private companies)
Explain the significance of the invention of the steamboat.
shipping goods became cheaper and faster
What was the first canal in the U.S?
Eerie Canal
Why was the Eerie Canal such a significant achievement?
CONNECTED EAST & MIDWEST
ALSO IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: also led to an explosion in canal building.
Trade Union
organazations of workers with the same trade or skill
Strike
Refusing to work to put pressure on employers.
Discrimination
unfair treatment of a group
remained in Northern States, often African Americans forced into segregation
Famine
extreme shortage of food
What is a Nativist?
strongly opposed to immigration
not sure if important so don’t memorize too in depth: believed immigration threatened the future of “native” American born citizens.
Describe the challenges faced by African American in the North.
Answer is Widespread Discrimination
Why were labor unions formed in the mid 1800s? 3 main reasons
( i think it was all above on the test not sure)
better pay
shorter hours
better conditions
Why did so many Irish immigrate to the US during the mid 1800s?
brought on by the Great Irish Famine
ALL ABOVE ON THE TEST !ST QUESTION
When immigrants moved to the U.S they usually stayed together in what types of neighborhoods?
usually stayed in Ethnic Communities or Neighborhoods. (ON TEST)
What increased church pop?
2nd GREAT AWAKENING
temperance
drinking little or no alcohol
Temperance crusaders used rallies to show danger of alcohol
(ON TEST MEMORIZE)
who were the leading three transcendentalists?
Henry David Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Margaret Fuller
Dorothea Dix
LAst one about education on prisoners
on test:
3 changes or reforms that occured in education during the early-mid 1800s.
teachers should be trained
schools should be free and supported by taxes
North thought children should be forced to go
An increase in teaching people w/ disabilities.
ALL ABOVE ON THE TEST I THINK
Suffrage
the right to vote
coeducation
the teaching of boys and girls together
Explain some gains made by the women’s movement in the mid 1800s.
allowed custody to pay and own properties
not full voting rights but for some states white women to vote
opportunists for education (ON TEST)
Cotton Gin
depended on slave labor to plant and pick the cotton
Machine that removed seeds from cotton making more efficient
Eli Whitney
inventor of cotton gin
started use of interchangeable parts
(also ig father of mass production method)
Explain “Cotton is King”
crop fueled the southern economy, and ran both north and south economy
How did the invention of the cotton gin affect the the economy in the south?
Value of enslaved people increased more demand of workers (important)
Describe industry in the South
… was limited (ANSWER yah)
Yeomen
farmers w/ no slaves
grew crops themselves
Tenant Farmer
(B ON THE TEST) (SECOND ONE ABOUT WHITE PERSONS)
People who rented land to farm/work on
Overseer
A plantation manager ….. - forgot if on test
Who made of the largest group in the South?
Yeomen - non slave owners
Who was the most influential group in the Southern Society?
Plantation owners
Describe the growth of cities in the South vs North
Cities in South = much slower pace of growth and had lower population
SOUTH EQUAL LESS ALWAYS= ok on test
Describe the importance of education in the South vs. North
South believed you shouldn’t spend money on it and not important, especially for yeomen.
more imporant in North
Spiritual
African American religious folk song
provided way for to secretly communicate
Slave codes
laws that controlled enslaved people ON THE TEST
made life more severe and restricted freedom
What were slave codes meant to do?
written to prevent slave rebellion
prohibited slaves from getting in large groups and leaving masters prop. without pass
few legal rights
Why was Christianity important for African Americans?
Provided hope
Nat Turner
revolted against slavery, ANSWER
Harriet Tubman
Created and led Underground railroad
(on test )
Frederick Douglass
Freed Slave
Note 
Flashcard (20)