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Shaping
(process of) teaching a behavior by rewarding approximations (baby steps) toward it
Chaining
(process of) breaking the behavior down to approximations + teaching the final behavior first
Social (Observational) Learning Theorists
Albert Bandura = Band (social event); believe in observation + imitation in addition the classical/operant learning
Primary Reinforcers
naturally reoccurring enforcers (ex. water, food, pain, sex)
Secondary Reinforcers
the enforcer’s value must be learned before they can reinforce (ex. tokens, money, grades)
Schedules of Reinforcement
how often the payout occurs
Fixed Ratio Schedule
(# is constant) when you’re reinforced after a certain # of correct responses (ex. 1 token/20 questions correct on WS)
Variable Ratio Schedule
(# varies) # of correct responses needed for a payout changes (ex. # of plays on slot machines b4 a win varies)
Fixed Interval Schedule
(time is constant) a certain amount of time must pass before a payout (ex. mail comes at 11 daily)
Variable Interval Schedule
(time varies) the time before a payout varies (ex. shooting stars fall at unpredictable intervals)