Facial Bones

What is the centering for Lateral facial bones?

Mid zygoma

What should be included on lateral facial bones?

Mandible, frontal sinus, and EAM

What line is perp to the IR for the waters for facial bones?

MML

How is the OML in relation to the board for the waters for facial bones?

37°

What is the centering for the waters for facial bones?

Enters the parietal bone exits the acanthion

What CR angle is used for the waters for facial bones?

0°

What are the adjustments for the Reverse Waters?

AP

CR angled to be parallel to the MML line

Centered at the acanthion to exit the parietal bone

Where are the petrous ridges for the waters for facial bones?

Below the maxillary sinuses at the level of the molars.

What positioning line is used for the modified waters for facial bones view?

LML line

How is the OML in relation to the IR for the modified waters for facial bones?

55°

What angle is used for the modified waters view for facial bones?

0°

What is the centering for the modified waters for facial bones?

Exits the acanthion

Where are the petrous ridges for the modified waters for facial bones?

Lower ½ of the maxillary sinuses

What is the modified waters for facial bones used to see?

Demonstrated possible orbital fractures and foreign bodies in the eye.

What postitioning and centering for a Caldwell for facial bones?

OML line perp

Exits at the acanthion

What do you need on a Caldwell image for facial bones?

Frontal sinus to the bottom of the mandible

What does the cribiform plate contain?

For Amina for olfactory nerves

What does the perpendicular plate form?

Bony septum

What to the lateral labyrinths/masses contain?

Ethnography air cells to form the medial wall of the orbit and lateral walls for the nasal cavity

What do the turnunates or nasal conchae do?

Increased surface area of the cavity and warms and humidifies the air

What is the centering for lateral nasal bones?

1/2” inferior to the nasion

Are lateral facial bones bilateral or unilateral?

Bilateral

What is the collimated area for the lateral facial bones?

Acanthion to frontal sinus

What do the lateral facial bones visualize?

Horizontal fractures

What is the positioning line used for the waters for nasal bones?

MML line

What is the centering for the waters for nasal bones?

Acanthion

What is the collimated area for the waters for nasal bones?

Frontal sinus to acanthion

What is the collimated area for the Caldwell for nasal bones?

Must include anterior nasal spine and Madi frontal suture

What is the positioning line used for the Caldwell for nasal bones?

OML line

What is the centering for the Caldwell for nasal bones?

Nasion

What positioning line is parallel to the CR for the superior inferior tangential nasal bones?

GAL

What does the superoinferior tangential nasal bones demonstrate?

Medial lateral displacement

What is the centering for the SMV for arches?

Midway between arches at the level of 1.5” inferior to the mandibles symphysis

How do you start out for tangential arches?

Like a SMV

How much is rotation is used for the tangential arches?

15° towards affected side?

How much tilt is used for the tangential arches?

15° toward the affected side?

What is the centering for the tangential arches?

Centered at side of interest

What CR angle is used if the OML is used for the Towne for arches?

30°

What CR angle is used for the Towne for arches is the IOML is used?

37°

What is the centering for the Towne for arches?

1” superior to the Nasion

What positioning line is used for the waters for arches?

MML line

What is the centering for a waters for arches?

Acanthion

What is the collimated area for the waters for arches?

Up to frontal sinus and down to mandible to EAM

What is the apex of the orbits?

Optic Foramen

30° superior from horizontal

What is the base of the orbit?

Anterior surface

37° medial to MSP

What positioning line is use for the waters for orbits?

MML

What is the centering for waters for orbits?

Acanthion

What can be visualized for the waters for orbitals?

Orbital floor fractures

What is the centering for positioning for the modified waters for orbits?

Same as the modified waters for facial bones

What is the positioning and centering for the Caldwell for orbits?

Same as the other Caldwells

What rotation is used for the axiolateral oblique for general mandible

10-15°

How should the mouth be for a axiolateral oblique for general mandible?

Mouth closed, teeth together, chin jutted forward

What tilt is used for a axiolateral oblique?

25° cephalon angle

What rotation is used for the axiolateral oblique for Ramus

True lateral

What rotation is used for the axiolateral oblique for The body?

30°

What rotation is used for the axiolateral oblique for The mentum?

45° toward the board

What positioning line is used for the PA mandible?

OML line

What is the centering for the PA mandible?

Exits at the lips

What is visualized on a PA mandible?

Rami and lateral portion of the mandible bodies

What positioning line is used for the alternate method of the PA mandible?

AML line

What is the centering for the alternate method of the PA mandible?

Exits at the lips

What does the alternate method of the PA mandible visualize?

True image of body without distortion and rami with minimal distortion.

What is the positioning line used for the PA axial mandible?

OML

What is the CR angle used for the PA axial mandible?

20-25° cephalic

What is the centering for the PA axial mandible?

Exits at the acanthion

What is the CR angle used for the Towne method for mandible if the OML is used?

35°

What is the CR angle used for the Towne method for mandible if the IOML is used?

42°

What is the centering for the Towne method for mandible?

1” superior to the glabella

What is the centering for the SMV mandible?

Midway between angles

What positioning line is used for the panorex?

IOML

How is the tongue positioned for a panorex

Tongue on the roof of the mouth

What is the centering for the Towne for the TMJ

3” superior to the Nasion

2” anterior to the EAM

What positioning line is used for the Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law)?

IOML

What rotation is used for the Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law) method?

15° towards the IR

What CR angle is used for the Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law) method?

15° caudal

What is the centering for the Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law) method?

1.5” superior to the upside EAM

What is visualized on the Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law) image?

Anterior/posterior and inferior/superior displacement

how is the patient positioned for the Axiolateral TMJ (Schuller method)

True lateral

How is the CR angle used for the Axiolateral TMJ (Schuller method)?

25-30° caudal

What is the centering for the Axiolateral TMJ (Schuller method)?

1/2” anterior and 2” superior to the upside EAM

What is visualized on the Axiolateral TMJ (Schuller method)?

Inferior/superior displacement

What sinuses are present at birth?

Maxillary and Ethmoid sinuses

What are the three parts of the wthmoid sinuses?

Anterior, middle, posterior

What is the centering for lateral sinuses?

Midway between the outer canthus and the EAM

What sinuses are demonstrated on a lateral sinus image

All sinuses

What angle is used on a Caldwell for sinuses

No angle

What positioning line is used for the Caldwell for sinuses?

OML

What modification is used for the Caldwell for sinuses?

OML perp to IR then raise 15°

what is the centering for Caldwell for sinuses

Exits at the Nasion

what sinuses are visualized for the Caldwell for sinuses?

Frontal and ethmoid sinuses

What positioning line is used for the waters for sinuses?

MML line

What is the centering for the ML for sinuses?

Acanthion

What is the sinus demonstrated for the waters for sinuses

Maxillary sinuses

What is the modification for the transoral waters?

Same as regular just drop jaw.

What sinus is visualized on the transoral waters for sinuses?

Sphenoid sinus best visualized

(frontal and maxillary sinuses also visualized)

What sinuses are visualized on a SMV for sinuses?

Erhmoid, sphenoid, and maxiallary

What is a le fort fracture

Mid face fracture

What is the sign of a blowout fracture?

“Teardrop” inferior to lower orbital rim.