CHT 9: Incarceration in Canada

Moral Architecture

the term used to describe the space and organization of the penitentiary to enforce order and morality

Policy of Normalization

a set of correctional practices aimed at making inmates 'normal' - in the sense of the law-abiding, morally appropriate, Christian citizen of Canada - through disciplinary practises

Medical Model of Corrections

a therapeutic approach to prison policy, treating crim like a medical illness

Hands - Off Doctrine

the idea that government and the public should leave corrections in the hands of experts

Reintegration

the process of assimilating someone back into society

Parole

the release of an inmate from a prison prior to the expiration of their sentence, subject to certain conditions and behaviours

Third-Generation Assessment Instruments

empirically based tools using a wide variety of factors, including dynamic risk factors and criminogenic needs

Responsivity Principle

the concept that treatment must be delivered to the offender in such a way that they can benefit from it, taking into account each offender's abilities, experiences, and learning styles

Healing Lodges

facilities designed to meet the correctional needs of Indigenous inmates

Static Risk Factors

characteristics of inmates that cannot be modified with programming

Dynamic Risk Factors

characteristics associated with inmate needs that can be modified with programming and are often related to criminogenic risk

Minimum-Security Facilities

prisons that have no walls or fences, and inmates are free to walk around except at night, when they are locked in their rooms

Medium-Security Facilities

facilities that are enclosed by fences but still allow some freedom of movement for inmates

Maximum-Security Facilities

facilities reserved for those of the highest risk, who have a high likelihood of escape and of harming people if they did escape

Gender Dysphoria

a conflict between a person's physical sex and self-perceived gender

Total Institutions

places where individuals' movements, freedom, and daily thoughts are strive controlled, such as hospitals, psychiatric facilities, schools, and prisons

Prisonizations

the socialization process whereby inmates learn the accepted norms and values of the prison population

Pains of Imprisonment

the deprivations of daily life experienced by prisoners

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

a government inquiry organized to collect and share stories and experiences with Indian residential schools

Segregation, or Protective Custody

the housing of inmates in unity separate from the general population, for either disciplinary or administrative reasons

Structured Intervention Units

segregation units where individual have access to space and programming, as opposed to being locked alone in a cell

Prison Abolitionist

someone who calls for the elimination of prisons and the prison system

What is the most dominant idea and practice used to structure reintegration?

risk prediction

Which ideology of corrections suggests that money should be spent on developing caring communities as opposed to developing incarceration programs?

abolition

What term is used to describe the idea that inmate corrections are best left up to the institution to decide?

hands-off

What does moral architecture refer to?

a term used to describe the space and organization of the penitentiary to enforce order and decency

Which level of prison uniquely emphasizes preparing inmates for return to the community by having them live together, use money to buy food, and participate in work release?

minimum-security prison

What program is meant to create Indigenous-specific institutional and community healing programs and services to contribute to the reduction of the incarceration rate of Indigenous offenders?

Aboriginal Pathways Strategy

When are prisoners most likely to die of an overdose?

within a few days after release

Data on inmates indicate that

both female and male inmates self-harm.

Which of the following statements is not true about corrections in Canada?

There are more programs in federal facilities than provincial facilities.

Employment skills learned in prison increase likelihood of successful reintegration.

Barriers to reintegration include housing and dealing with stigma.

The use of corporal punishment continues to be part of CSC policy.

The use of corporal punishment continues to be part of CSC policy.

Which ideology of corrections is concerned about the separation of victims and offenders and suggests that prison does nothing to repair this?

abolition