Apologia Biology 2nd Edition Module 7

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23 Terms

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Genetics

The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring.

<p>The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring.</p>
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Genetic Factors

The general guideline of traits determined by a person's DNA.

<p>The general guideline of traits determined by a person's DNA.</p>
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Environmental Factors

Those "nonbiological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of the person's parents, the person's friends, and the person's behavioral choices

<p>Those "nonbiological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of the person's parents, the person's friends, and the person's behavioral choices</p>
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Spiritual Factors

The factors in a person's life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God.

<p>The factors in a person's life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God.</p>
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Gene

A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of a protein, thereby causing a trait.

<p>A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of a protein, thereby causing a trait.</p>
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Messenger RNA

The RNA that performs transcription

<p>The RNA that performs transcription</p>
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Anticodon

A three-nucleotide base sequence on RNA

<p>A three-nucleotide base sequence on RNA</p>
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Codon

A sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific amino acid

<p>A sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific amino acid</p>
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Chromosome

DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of a cell.

<p>DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of a cell.</p>
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Mitosis

A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells.

<p>A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells.</p>
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Interphase

The time interval between cellular reproduction

<p>The time interval between cellular reproduction</p>
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Mother Cell

A cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles

<p>A cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles</p>
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Centromere

The region that joins two sister chromatids

<p>The region that joins two sister chromatids</p>
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Karyotype

The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs.

<p>The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs.</p>
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Diploid cell

A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs.

<p>A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs.</p>
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Haploid cell

A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair.

<p>A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair.</p>
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Diploid number (2n)

The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell

<p>The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell</p>
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Haploid number (n)

The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell

<p>The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell</p>
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Meiosis

The process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes (n).

<p>The process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes (n).</p>
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Gametes

Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction

<p>Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction</p>
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Virus

A non-cellular infectious agent that has two characteristics: 1) It has genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protective protein coat 2) It cannot reproduce on its own

<p>A non-cellular infectious agent that has two characteristics: 1) It has genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protective protein coat 2) It cannot reproduce on its own</p>
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Antibodies

Specialized pathogens that aid in destroying infectious agents

<p>Specialized pathogens that aid in destroying infectious agents</p>
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Vaccine

A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies which can help in destroying the pathogen

<p>A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies which can help in destroying the pathogen</p>